Essay on Analytical Summaries - 4643 Words

Please read all instructions before beginning the assignment so you do not miss any grading components. The completed tutorial should be posted no later than NOON on Sunday November 20th. Analytical Summaries - For this assignment, you will compose two short critical essays explaining and evaluating arguments by other authors. This assignment allows you to analyze an issue from a variety of perspectives and assess arguments for or against the issue. By focusing your attention on how the original authors use evidence and reasoning to construct and support their positions, you can recognize the value of critical thinking in public discourse. Select and read two articles from the chapter â€Å"Deciding to Accept an Argument: (Included at†¦show more content†¦Wexler says. â€Å"Instead of looking in a crystal ball to see your future, you’ll look in your genes.† Doctors long have been able to crudely predict a person’s future illness. By studying disease patterns, for example, they can say that heavy cigarette smokers have 10 times the risk of developing lung cancer as nonsmokers and that middle-aged men with high blood cholesterol levels have higher-than-normal risk of heart attacks. Geneticists also look at family medical pedigrees to determine the chances of children inheriting any of the 3,000 known genetic disorders. But such predictions are similar to casino odds. Doctors can’t predict which smokers will actually develop lung cancer, which individual will have a premature heart attack or which child actually inherited a defective gene. Genetic probes, however, will change predictive medicine. The probes are synthetic versions of genes that cause disease. Tossed into a test tube with a small sample of a person’s own genetic material—his DNA—the probes cling to and identify their natural counterparts. â€Å"Raft of Questions.† Proponents of predictive medicine cite its potentially tremendous benefit in that it will allow, in some instances, people to take preventive measures to ward off certain illnesses. â€Å"But it also raises a raft of questions on almost every level—social, psychological, personal, legal and ethical,† says Ms. Wexler, a psychologist who has specialized in the problems ofShow MoreRelatedAnalytical Summaries Essay675 Words   |  3 PagesDebra Crawford 2/4/2012 â€Æ' Predictive Probes Summary Nancy Wexler’s Mother died of Huntington’s disease it is hereditary, fatal, and happens in midlife. Ms. Wexler is a 38 year old woman and is the president of the Hereditary Disease Foundation. She is not sure of her own fate in life, because she doesn’t know whether she has inherited the same deadly gene that killed her mother. The uncertainty could be solved by a test to see if she has inherited the deadly gene. Nancy is in aRead MoreAnalytical Summaries of Some Articles2004 Words   |  8 PagesAnalytical Summaries Allen, Nancy A. Feasibility and acceptability of continous glucose monitoring and accelerometertechnology in excercising individuals with type 2 diabetes. Journal of Clinical Nursing 18 (2009): 373-381. This paper is about a study that is about to be done that involves developing a role model data that is designed for an intermediation in order to motivate non-exercising people with type 2 diabetes mellitus to engage in steady physical activity. The purpose of the workRead MoreAnalytical Summary Shooting an Elephant by George Orwell Essay1064 Words   |  5 PagesAnalytical Summary Shooting an Elephant Shooting an Elephant, written by George Orwell, is a short autobiographical essay about an incident that occurred during the time of his service as a police officer in Burma. The essay is centered around an event in which Orwell was forced to shoot an elephant against his own wishes. Using this episode which resulted in the clash between his own personal beliefs and the expectations of those around him, Orwell sends a message that imperialism is a lose-loseRead MoreAnalytical Summary : How Helicopter Parents Are Ruining College Students873 Words   |  4 PagesAnalytical Summary: â€Å"How helicopter parents are ruining college students† In Amy Joyce’s On Parenting article, â€Å"How helicopter parents are ruining college students† posted on September 2, 2014, Joyce addresses the issue with parents who controls their college student’s life to the public. Amy’s exigence is from an article recently published in the journal Education + Training found that there is an important line to draw between parental involvement and over-parenting. Joyce got information fromRead MoreTesting Results For Pharmaceutical, Para Medical And Cosmetic Products Food Supplement1094 Words   |  5 Pagesproblems that could create OOS results. 6.3.1 Certain analytical methods have system suitability requirements, if systems not meeting such requirements should not be used. For example, in chromatographic systems, reference standard solutions are injected at intervals throughout chromatographic runs to measure drift, sensitivity, and repeatability. For compendial or validated methods. 6.3.2 If instrument response indicates that the analytical system is not functioning adequately, data collected duringRead MoreCharles Babbage And His Engines765 Words   |  4 PagesBabbage didn’t stop with the difference engine but continued with his new creation on the analytical engine. Even though it was never built, the author goes into great detail explaining how the analytical engine would have worked and functioned. In a broad summary, the analytical engine was a huge improvement from the previous engine. To provide evidence for the previous statement, the reading suggest that the analytical engine was controlled by means of punched cards strung together (Wilkes 21). When comparedRead MoreA Rugged, Precise and Accurate New Gravimetry Method for the Determination of Gold706 Words   |  3 Pages Gold samples with five replicates of approximately 0.2g was carried out by acid digestion using a solution containing 15mL of 35% Hydrochloric acid and 5mL of 69% of nitric acid in the presence of 10mL de-ionized 18.2M â„ ¦ resistivity water of analytical grade per sample. Samples were weighed using Mettler Toledo balance model and were boiled to a hot plate that can withstand a temperature of up to 350oC. After the mixture was boiled and became syrupy, 10 to 12g of hydroxylamine hydrochloride/hydroxylRead MoreDetermination of Copper(Ii) Concentration by Spectrophotometry2699 Words   |  11 Pagesthe forms of Cu(OH)+, CuCO3,etc. That is why measuring the concentration of copper in many water systems is necessary and this measurement of its concentration can be done using the so called spectrophotometry. [1] Spectrophotometry is branch of analytical chemistry in which the amount of light absorbed by the substance is determined by measuring the intensity of light that passes through sample solution. The basic principle behind this is that chemical solution absorbs or transmits light based onRead MoreQuestions On Online Analytical Processing1226 Words   |  5 PagesCHAPTER 3 On-Line Analytical Processing Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) applications and tools are those that are designed to ask â€Å"complex queries of large multidimensional collections of data.† OLAP is used for data mining, as well as the discovery of undiscerned relationship between data items. Since not all transactional data is needed for trend analysis, the OLAP database doesn’t have to be as large as a data warehouse. With the use of Open Database Connectivity (ODBC), data can be importedRead MoreSample Statistic Assignment2945 Words   |  12 Pagesunbiased data, applying probability rules, using statistical calculations (often with the help of the TI-84 graphing calculator), and drawing well-supported conclusions from the data to answer the research question. The course requires strong analytical skills, a willingness to learn and follow the scientific method that supports accurate decision-making in the presence of uncertainty, and an ability to write and explain your conclusions in a clear, concise, and persuasive way. This is a college-level

Dermatofibrosarcoma In The Breast Diagnostic And...

Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans in the Breast: Diagnostic and Treatment Dilemmas Abstract: Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is an extremely rare sarcoma, accounting for less than 0.1% of all malignancies and approximately 1% of all soft tissue sarcomas. The overall incidence has been reported between 0.8–5.0 cases per 1 million persons per year. Furthermore, only a few case reports of DFSP have been found within breast tissue [1]. We report a case of a 30-year-old female with DFSP found within the left breast. It was a palpable, painless and rubbery, mobile lump that was gradually increasing in size. Further workup with ultrasound and MRI core biopsy suggested DFSP. Current treatment of DFSP in the breast tissue is lacking due to the low incidence reported in the literature. The current recommendations are of surgical excision with 1- 2cm margins [2]. This is not without cosmetic implications, and consequently may reduce compliance to aggressive surgical treatment. In this case, the surgical aim was for 2cm margins. Adequate margins were achieved except for a medial margin of 5.9mm. Final histology confirmed DFSP. Further discussion in multidisciplinary team and with the patient came to a decision to continue with close observation alone, rather than re-excision. This is predicated on the slow growth pattern of DFSP and its tendency to metastasize only very rarely. We present this case to discuss the difficulties associated with diagnosis, treatment and

Second Life Ready for Business Free Essays

1. What problems can Second Life help businesses solve? Second Life provides businesses with tools for online conferencing, online collaboration, knowledge management, and prototyping. Companies can test new products using Second Life’s 3-D rendering programs. We will write a custom essay sample on Second Life Ready for Business or any similar topic only for you Order Now They can experiment with new marketing and advertising campaigns to see how people react. They can receive feedback on real-world products or services. 2. Considering what you have learned about Second Life, how could you, as an individual, create a modest start-up business on the Grid? What goods would you sell? Why would this be a good choice of product? What, in simple terms, would your business plan be? Why would it work? One potential new business would be to sell furnishings for online spaces. People inherently want to furnish and decorate their private spaces. The products could be bought and sold using Lindens. The start-up costs could be low since there aren’t any inventory costs. You can create the furnishings as they’re ordered. A business plan would include advertising ideas, marketing ideas, how to deliver the products, customer follow-up ideas, and financial planning. 3. Visit eBay on the Web and see what Second Life items you can find listed for auction. How would you rate the activity surrounding these items? Are you surprised by what you see? Why or why not? Obviously the information for this question will fluctuate. As of this writing, eBay offered 211 items. They included how-to manuals for making money on Second Life, a guide to selling land, and business opportunities on the site. One item in particular was a vending machine business package available for $4.99. The individual offering the item was an eBay Power Seller with 6,483 feedback postings. He was obviously an established eBay seller. Other items for sale include a Gym Workout package for $4.99 and a macro that makes navigating the skies of Second Life easier. It sold for $12.99. Answers to the last three questions will vary by student. The point is to have them realize how advanced and pervasive sites like Second Life have become. 4. How important is interoperability between 3-D worlds like Second Life and other Web sites such as Amazon, MySpace, and YouTube? Do you think that Second Life can survive and prosper on its own? What is the future of these entities? Separate or integrated? Interoperability between 3-D worlds and other Web sites is very important because of the increasing popularity of all the sites. People don’t want to continually learn new and different skills. Rather they want to transport their skills and software from one site to another. It’s doubtful that Second Life could survive and prosper on its own. Demand for the site will increase if it becomes more entwined with other sites and even real life. As people continue to combine offline and online activities, they want easy ways to transition from one to the other. This is where the people component of the three dimensions of information systems becomes apparent. Obviously this leads to more integration in the future. 5. What obstacles does Second Life have to overcome in order to become a mainstream business tool? Does it face fewer or more obstacles to become a mainstream educational tool? To what do you attribute the difference? Second Life needs to overcome the idea and perception that it’s â€Å"just another game site.† Other obstacles include ease-of-use, interoperability between pre-established business systems and Second Life’s proprietary system. It needs to create ways to import and export data between its system and external business systems—don’t require data to be re-input into either system. Second Life faces more obstacles in trying to become a mainstream educational tool. Educators are inherently opposed to online, distance education because it supposedly lacks the face-to-face communication between teachers and students. However, as more education is carried online, Second Life has all the tools in place to make it easy to conduct classes, especi ally its online collaboration tools. 6. What kinds of businesses are most likely to benefit from a presence on Second Life? Why? Retail businesses that are already used to doing business online may have an easier time of establishing a viable presence on Second Life. They are used to advertising and marketing to customers online and have the systems built for taking orders, accepting payments, and shipping products. Other companies, like IBM, that have established online collaboration systems and online knowledge management systems will probably have an easier time using Second Life as another outlet for these activities. 7. would you like to interview for a job using Second Life? Why or why not? Obviously the answers to this question will vary from student to student. Some may prefer interviewing for a job using Second Life since they may see face-to-face interviews as extremely nerve-wracking. Other may prefer a face-to-face interview rather than trying to create an avatar that adequately represents them. 8. Is Second Life a precursor of how business will be conducted in the future or a corporate experiment? Justify your answer. Second Life probably is a precursor of how business will be conducted in the future. Online presence and activity is increasing, not decreasing. Businesses are continually turning to online services to change the way they do business and move many of their offline activities to online ventures. How to cite Second Life Ready for Business, Essay examples

Introduction to Sociology Australian Family Lifestyle

Question: Discuss about theIntroduction to Sociologyfor Australian Familys Lifestyle. Answer: Change in Australian Familys Lifestyle in the Upcoming Time and the Social Factors Contributing for Such a Change It has been critically observed that the lifestyle of the Australian families over a period of time have changed and have been changing. The lifestyle has been observed to be changed with the concept of family as such a concept was no longer depicted by the traditional nuclear family of Mother, Father and two children (Kinnear, 2002). As a result, Families in Australia were now came to be in all shapes and sizes such as intermingled, comprehensive, one mother, one father or with two mothers and two fathers. It has also been observed that in todays world the upcoming generation or the youngsters do not want to get married as a result only a few were seen to be getting married. On the other hand when people make their mind to get married then they would get married much later. As a result of such a decision of different individuals it has been observed that the divorce rate has become stable. Although, with the changing time and lifestyle it has been seen that people have few children and there has been an increase in the number of intermingled and step-families (AMP, 2013). But, a question of what all constitutes a family have still seen to be unanswered till now. So, it was the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) which defines the meaning of what all constitutes a family. It affirms that a family could be defined as an association of two or more individuals, one of whom would have to be aged 15 years and over, who live together and were affirmed to be connected by blood, wedding, adoption, and step relationship (Hayes et al. ,2010). So, it was in the year 1980 since when the Australian Institute of Family Studies (AIFS) began researching about the Australian families and Australian society as it has undergone massive modifications. There have been a number of major changes over the period of the nineteenth century, together with the developments in family make-up, different kind of families, matrimonial status, birth rates, parental service and learning. It was affirmed to be a mesmerizing picture of the changing nature of the lifestyle of the Australian Families over the turn of the millennium (Australian Government, 2017). Therefore, it was seen over the past quarter of a century that the Family households have been waning, as it included round about 77 % of all families in 1986 which reduced to 72 % in 2011. So, it could be stated that as the population ages, single individual households have affirmed to be enlarged on the other hand, the group households had continued to be comparatively constant (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2006). In spite of the efforts which were made by the sociologists in order to define the concept of family, it was observed that there was no particular meaning of this indispensable element of the civilization (McDonald, 2017). In response to the exterior and interior factors familys lifestyle changes over time. Social and financial situations like wars, migration, technical growths, and varying cultural principles, could influence the size and nature of families. Correspondingly, targets in the lives of individual family members like the birth of a child, separation, or the death of a family member, could modify the composition of a family and its inner dynamics (Coontz, 2007). The concept of the family as people understand currently was a comparatively new trend. Social historian Philippe Aris states that until the 18th century the concept of family appears to be a detached part of parents and children. From being the centre of social relationships, the family now became more remote and independent, which centers on care for the children away from servants and friends. The current nuclear family of the 1950s classically included father the breadwinner, mother the housewife and their children. Mothers were happy to bake, seam, and care for her children and husband. The Growth of the contraceptive pill with its prospective to grant females an extraordinary control over their fruitfulness and sexuality made an easier access to abortion. Also, the beginning of the 1976 Family Law Act, made divorce simple by not entailing liability to be recognized, and superior chances for females to be well-informed and enter into the paid personnel. As they also were challenged with normative principles which were linked with such family issues (The Age, 2003). As a result, some more innovative ways of philosophy about verbal communication meant ideas such as the concept of family and its authoritarian associations which were deconstructed, no longer observed as ordinary but were created by humanity (The Social Issues Research Centre, 2008). More recently, the innovative reproductive skills have also confronted customary beliefs of the family. It was now achievable for children to have a inherent mother, a gestational mother and a lawful guardian. Notions of paternity become problematic when frozen sperm are used posthumously. Changes in the economy during the past 30 years have resulted in numerous separate tendencies such as wedding, separation, all of which have inferences for the family. Australia's birth rate of 1.7 children per female was below inhabitants substitution level, though some specialists recommend the circumstances were stern rather than significant (Parliament of Australia, 2017). Many young individuals currently impede their exit from the family home, and therefore the beginning of sovereignty and maturity, while they absolute tertiary studies. Even when people leave home, there was a model of recurring to its relieve at distances, such as when a association breaks up or when monetary support was desirable. Ageing population of Australia and the tendency towards sterility make it likely to many elderly individuals who were without admission to customary basis of family bear would depend gradually more on administration and community resources. Apprehensions have been articulated about the capacity of the society to grant such a level of concern. In spite of such momentous changes in upcoming years, the chief roles of the family such as development of children, monetary support, and socializing the youth as it has not changed essentially. So, it could be concluded at the end that massive social changes over the last decades have concluded in the families of 2013 as they were looking dissimilar to those in the 20th century. No longer was it predictable that young females and males would marry in their late teens in a sacred ritual and have 3 or 4 children at home. Presently, the distinctive trail for creation of family was for youngsters to persist with education until their early teens. Also, to travel and work full time then marrying in a civil ceremony in their late twenties. But Modern family planning was regarded as where having children could be postponed, and while it was more usual for the females to be the chief caretaker, the majority of females would quickly return to the job at least on a part-time basis. So, it could be concluded that the number of step-families and merged families has augmented as an effect of divorce and having a new established relationships, although they may visage more anxiety and were usually not as well off monetarily as integral families. But by increasing levels of education among females who were breadwinner households were much more common like almost a quarter of join houses. By providing the gigantic changes which have occurred over the past century people could only initiate to imagine how families would evolve, modify and expand in the coming years. References AMP. (2013) Modern Family: The changing shape of Australian families. [Online] AMP. Available from: file:///C:/Users/win/Downloads/AMP.NATSEM%2034%20Income%20and%20Wealth%20Report%20-%20Modern%20Family.pdf [Accessed on 1/2/17] Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2006) Population Characteristics: 20th century: beginning and end. [Online] Australian Bureau of Statistics. Available from: https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/0/DB7193812E1EFC92CA2570EC000E215A?opendocument [Accessed on 1/2/17] Australian Government. (2017) The changing face of early Australia. [Online] Australian Government. Available from: https://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/changing-face-of-early-australia [Accessed on 1/2/17] Coontz, S. (2007) The Family Revolution. [Online] Greater Good. Available from: https://greatergood.berkeley.edu/article/item/the_family_revolution [Accessed on 1/2/17] Hayes, A., Weston, R., Qu, L., and Gray, M. (2010) Families then and now: 1980-2010. [Online] Australian Institute of Family Studies. Available from: https://aifs.gov.au/publications/families-then-and-now-1980-2010 [Accessed on 1/2/17] Kinnear, P. (2002) New Families for Changing Times. [Online] The Australia Institute. Available from: https://www.tai.org.au/sites/defualt/files/DP47_8.pdf [Accessed on 1/2/17] McDonald, P. (2017) Families and cultural diversity in Australia. [Online] Australian Institute if Family Studies. Available from: https://aifs.gov.au/publications/families-and-cultural-diversity-australia/2-australian-families-values-and-behaviour [Accessed on 1/2/17] Parliament of Australia. (2017) Attitudes towards adoption. [Online] Parliament of Australia. Available from: https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Community_Affairs/Completed_inquiries/2010-13/commcontribformerforcedadoption/report/c02 [Accessed on 1/2/17] The Age. (2003) Family: it's all relative. [Online] The Age. Available from: https://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/02/26/1046064096428.html [Accessed on 1/2/17] The Social Issues Research Centre. (2008) Childhood and family life: Socio-demographic changes. [Online] The Social Issues Research Centre. Available from: https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20130401151715/https://www.education.gov.uk/publications/eOrderingDownload/Appendix-G_SIRC-report.pdf [Accessed on 1/2/17]

Democratic space is relevant in Early Childhood Education. Reading Journal Submission

Definition of a key concept taken from the weekly readings from this period, that had not been clear or familiar to me before ‘Democratic space’ was taken from the weekly readings. It refers to the environment created to value the expressions, feelings, and wishes of different people (Moss, 2007). In nurseries, democratic space should give children a choice of communicating, expressing their feelings, and wishes differently (Moss, 2007). Nurseries are public gatherings and therefore use of dialogue in this gathering perpetuates democracy.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Democratic space is relevant in Early Childhood Education. Reading Journal Submission specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Identified issue or debate that you may not have understood yet, or what to think more about from these readings. Nurseries can create an environment for democratic political practice. The writer talks about the possi bility of democratic space saying that it is a choice that citizens can make. In this regard, children and adults get an opportunity to be responsible for certain actions and play certain roles. These roles include making critical decisions on matters that influence them or any other related group, and the society in whole. Children and adults can stand against any form of injustice that emanates from power (Moss, 2007). Link an idea from (a) or (b) to your workplace or to child or children that you know, or to an early childhood setting which you are familiar with; consider the application of the idea in this context. Democratic space is relevant in Early Childhood Education. Creation of a democratic environment or community is an important strategy to help people understand their human rights. ECE provides a suitable environment to educate the children on their human rights with the aim of creating a democratic environment. This kind of education helps the children to learn how to make personal decisions (Moss, 2007). In Saudi Arabia, ECE development evolves slowly (Alsharif Atweh, 2010). This limits creation of democratic environment. This is because in the entire education system, there are practices designed for learners to understand their human rights. These practices are not practiced consistently. According to AlSharif and Atweh (2010), there is a need for ECE learners to be provided with challenging opportunities that will encourage intellectual development. Unproductive pedagogies used by Saudi Arabian teachers do not encourage creation of democratic space, and discovery of children hidden potentials.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Teachers need productive methodologies that cater for learners’ different levels of development, and different social cultural factors. Evaluation of pedagogical styles helps create a democratic environment. Use of discussions and group work gives the children an opportunity to express themselves preparing them for a democratic society. Their exist fear in many Middle East countries including Saudi Arabia. This fear is as a result of this region being associated with terrorism. Provision of education that will empower children and other people of Saudi Arabia to know their rights will deliver them from fear by creating a democratic environment. Explanation of the development of your understanding through this exchange The development of my understanding and knowledge draws from the exchange posted by Renee on August 15, 2012 at 07:42 PM in regards to the topic â€Å"Globalization and the future†. When we empower people, we give them the capacity to confront both, the present and the future (Ebbeck Waniganayake, 2003). The concept and role of leadership in early years has not been taken with the seriousness it deserves, especially by the early childhood practitioners. Early Childhood P olicy-Global Contexts is an opportunity for educators and educational stakeholders to explore globalization and the future. In day to day life, I have discovered that the majority of trainers and practitioners in early childhood fail to consider the development of early leadership knowledge. This knowledge should be considered as an advanced knowledge or training and not taken as an extra curriculum activity to the basic training (Moss, 2007). They fail to realize that leadership knowledge is vital and is a necessary tool for professional development. This tool equips them with ability to provide quality service. According to Pam Winter’s on issues concerning children, there is an emphasis on children’s understanding, teachers’ responsibility to foster critical thinking, reflection of their understanding, and other people’s actions (Ebbeck Waniganayake, 2003). This provides children with the opportunity to learn about their world.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Democratic space is relevant in Early Childhood Education. Reading Journal Submission specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Pam writers also add that this places them in a position to make a contribution to this world (Ebbeck Waniganayake, 2003). This can only be implemented through the development of early leadership knowledge and skills in ECE. Overview-concisely summarize the implications of the central ideas during this period, for your unfolding understanding of the early childhood political and pedagogical landscape Early childhood education plays an important role in the development of a well-informed population. This stage is important in the development of the child’s character and personality. If quality education is provided to a child during this early stage of development, then it implies that the child will probably continue with the same line of critical thinking and reflection of his or her understanding. This ability enhances the child’s opportunity to learn about his or her world and places him or her in a position to make a contribution to this world (Adamson, 2008). When we empower people, we give them the capacity to confront both the present and the future (Ebbeck Waniganayake, 2003). All nations are faced with challenges, such as global warming, and economic crisis among others. 90 per cent of challenges, negative results happen as a result of human’s faults, negligence, pollution, unethical actions or decisions, errors and others. In my opinion, currently we have leaders from a generation that did not get the opportunity to acquire early childhood education. As a result, the educational foundations of such leaders were very weak, which is evident in their decision making process and critical thinking capacity. Children quickly replace the adults in different roles. Some of the roles in which children replace adults are leadership roles, an d management roles. The major changes in leadership, decision making, developmental issues, risk analysis, and accurate forecasting are taking place rapidly. Their results are realized in our daily lives. The importance of governments’ investing in the provision of high quality ECE to children is currently very important. This will enhance development of a focused and reliable human resource as a major resource of labor that will benefit the entire nation.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More References Adamson, P. (2008). The child care transition: A league table of early childhood education and care in economically advanced countries. Florence: UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre. Alsharif, K., Atweh, B. (2010). Potentials and Challenges for Student Teachers in Using Productive Pedagogies in their Field Experience. Web. Ebbeck, M., Waniganayake, M. (2003).Early Childhood Professionals. Leading Today and Tomorrow. Sydney: Elsevier. Moss, P. (2007). Bringing politics into the nursery: Early Childhood Education as a democratic practice. Journal of European Early Childhood Education Research, 15(5), 5-20. This essay on Democratic space is relevant in Early Childhood Education. Reading Journal Submission was written and submitted by user Raquel Wilder to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

International Fragmentation of Production

International Fragmentation of Production Introduction Over recent decades, a more heightened integration of the world economy has been developed. An overall surge in the trade quotient has been realized in most developed countries. This is because of the trade liberalization and a greater willingness to participate in the global economy. According to Shenkar and Luo (2004), the other reason cited is that the production has now largely been affected by trade.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International Fragmentation of Production specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is in the sense that production of goods is done in more than one sequential stage where two or more countries are involved in providing a value added advantage during the production. Hence, both import and export are involved in the process. On a similar note, surging competition in the global economy has compelled producers of some products, to look for alternatives beyond their borders to l ower the costs of production. According to Grimwade (2000) perspective, the increasing integration of global markets has compelled the separation of the production process in that service or manufacturing performed abroad have become part of a joint production process, meshing with complementary activities performed in the home country. This has brought about fragmentation of production. Ways in which Fragmentation of Production takes place Hummels and Yi (2001) define fragmentation as a process whereby a previously integrated production procedure or process is sliced and spread over a global network of production sites. Production tasks are synchronized in a fragmented segment. Therefore, this creates additional costs for services such as transport of goods between production locations and quality control, among others. The process in which fragmentation of production takes place globally is varied. Perhaps, this is why the concept has been described using various terms such as out sourcing, delocalization of production and vertical specialization among other terms. However, as Shenkar and Luo (2004) argue, the concept behind fragmentation is that countries are increasingly connected to produce goods. Hence, through this process, goods are produced in more than one sequential stage. And, more than one country may provide a value added during the production process. At some point, the producing country must utilize the imported inputs during the stages of production.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Reasons for Fragmentation of Production Fragmentation of production is not a new phenomenon. The practice began during the industrial revolution or even earlier. However, in recent time, the practice has become global. The reasons for its widespread use are varied. According to Arndt and Kierzkowski (2001) fragmentation has not only altered the trad e flow quantitatively, but also qualitatively. This has occurred because of various reasons. The first reason is that, goods are produced in two or more sequential stages; second, two or more countries are involved during the process of production. Hence, involving more than one country during the production process strengthens value and quality of the final product. And lastly, in production, at least one country need to import the inputs in the production stage and some of the resulting output must be exported. They further contend that vertical specialization is a factor which has led to the increase in world trade (Yi, 2003). This happens because fragmentation serves as a growth instrument that aims at reducing the trade tariff. In this sense, fragmentation erases the linearity of trade growth by decreasing the tariffs. Vertical specialization has encouraged the growth of off- shoring and global outsourcing in manufacturing; this has been encouraged by decreased non-tariff and t ariff trade barriers. A Tariff cut produces a higher ratio of non-linear response of trade in a form of multiple phases of production since trade liberation affects distinct stages of production. According to Yi (2003) this is because the vertical specialization becomes viable and expands quickly when tariffs decreases below the low-level. The fall creates a nonlinearity reaction of trade to tariffs as companies’ fix more trade intermediaries once the tariffs fall below the critical level. Wage rate difference between the developed and developing worlds is contributing reasons to the fragmentation in production. For example, Arndt and Kierzkowski (2001) argue that in 1970’s wages in the Caribbean, and Latin America ranged between sixty and eighty percent below those of the United States. A similar trend was reflected in Eastern Europe countries where the labour force was skilled and educated.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International Fragm entation of Production specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Despite the lower labour productivity in these countries, the unit labour costs remained below the figures in industrialized economies. Also, in spite of the rising demand of labour in developing countries such as China, a huge flow of labour from inland has been holding wages low. This situation has contributed to upholding the production cost disparity. Increasing labour productivity above the rate of wage increase continues to drive unit labour costs downwards. Most high wage countries have utilized this trend; hence, it is easy to reap the benefits of lower production costs and access emerging markets by moving labor-intensive production and assembly to low-wage countries. In the recent past, transport costs have decreased thereby making the world a global village. The decrease in transport costs has made it feasible to fragment production. For example, in comparison to ocean shippi ng, the air transport price has continued to decline (Cairncross, 1997). Thus, the long-distance freight costs have become affordable compared to short distance. Besides, land transport costs have fallen reasonably to maritime transport this has made it possible for fragmentation to occur at any place in the world (Arndt and Kierzkowski, 2001). Transport systems embrace the GPS technology. The technology allows organizations to oversee their road consignments and win efficient logistical control. This aids the fragmentation of value chains of countries involved in fragmentation. The role of government in strengthening fragmentation of production has been far reaching. They have provided trade policies and development that improves institutional frameworks. This has happened most in developing countries. The governments in these countries grant exceptional incentives to exporters. The incentives are given in rebates, export credits, tax holidays, tax refunds and political risk insura nce among other incentives (Wolfgang, 1984). In industrialized countries, there is the promotion of vertical integration. According to Grimwade (2000) the vertical integration strategy is achieved by embracing various programs and instruments such as tariff terms for international production sharing, outward FDI promotion and tariff escalation among other strategies. All these strategies are aimed at reducing the costs of production besides encouraging friendly environment for investment.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Additionally, free trade zones have been widely encouraged to attract foreign entrepreneurs. A free trade zone is an institutional phenomenon that grants reduced bureaucratic regulation, lessens foreign exchange checks and provides appropriate infrastructure. According to ILO documents, globally, there were about 5,174 zones in 2004 (Welch et al, 2007). These zones employed 42 million people. The size and pace of free trade zone increase is also remarkable. Welch et al (2007) contends that, in 1986, only 176 free trade zones existed globally, but overtime, they rose up to 500 in 1995. Firms are sensitive on matters about property rights protection and process for contract enforcement in foreign countries. Most government has harmonised the legal environment in which international transactions occur, thus; the present legal environment is more predictable. Largely speaking, the political conditions globally have stabilized after long decades of crises; it has become more business fri endly. More countries have embraced democracy. The viability of fragmentation of product needs low risk of supply in a foreign country otherwise problems could bring the whole global production system to a standstill. These disruptions can be caused by failing legal disputes, political instability, shipping delays, strikes and lack of quality controls, among others. Hummels and Yi (2001) also note that the fragmentation of production may be increased competition. With the globalization of markets, easy access to information, reduced distances and political boundaries, business firms are increasingly feeling the impact of global competition. These pressures exerted on local industries have spurred increased off shoring as they are finding new ways to remain competitive (Krugman, 1995). Businesses have noted the advantages connected to first movers of the global transfer process. Therefore, they are compelled to reduce the functions that are carried out in high wage countries, thus re ducing costs. This strategy also grants them an opportunity to concentrate on their core competencies. Opportunities granted by global markets also increase trade openings for local- specialized industries; this makes fragmentation even finer. The growth of information and communication technologies over the last fifteen years has created more opportunities for fragmentation of a product. The technological shift, especially the reduction of communication costs, has contributed to shortening of distance. This has enabled the integration of distant operations, ship products and components around the globe to attain efficiency (Krugman, 1995). It has facilitated Just-In-Time production on an international scale, simplified management of global production standards and lessened communication costs. On an organizational perspective, logistics has been eased because of the developments in information and communication technology. The ICT has increased creation of warehousing and material handling, inventory management, real time shipment of finished products and planning and organization of supply chain activities. It is pertinent to note that besides promoting global fragmentation of goods production, ICT has simplified the tradability of services (Hummels and Yi, 2001). This is because, information can be readily digitized for storage while cheap and quick transportation facilitates real time exchange of digitized information as voice communication allows people located anywhere in the world to interact. ICT has allowed services that were considered â€Å"normal† to be disconnected and situated elsewhere. Importance of fragmentation of products to producers and consumers Fragmentation entails organization of production into different stages of production. Hence, different stages are shared among suppliers who are dispersed in different countries. Often, the products traded between organizations in different countries are typically components rather than the final products. In this sense, producers benefit by selling their products outside the home country where these products are assembled (Brakman, 2006). Thus, they benefit from selling the finished products at a higher price gaining a higher foreign exchange. For example, in China where fragmentation occurs on a high scale, their finished products are often sold to USA and Europe. These are potential markets which permit higher prices. Fragmentation strengthens the finished product through internationally recognized body. For example, Europe has notified standardization bodies such as the AFITI-LICOF. The body simplifies fragmentation process by performing tests basing on given standards. These standards allow the producers reduce product export and import time besides enhancing profit rise of host countries (Hummels and Yi, 2001). Fragmentation allows producers to decentralize their production processes. This strategy allows producers to reach more consumers and markets. Besides co nsumers benefitting from readily available products, producers through decentralization of the production activities reduces costs whereas increasing the profit (Brakman, 2006). Additionally, since production stages occur in more than one country, producers can create a trading bloc. This allows them to move phases of production beyond their borders. When different stages of production are located in places where each stage can be performed efficiently, then a producer’s profit is maximized. Fragmentation of products provides convenience for consumers to obtain a customized end product without the costs of handling at a traditional retail channel. For example, Cairncross (1997) illustrates that Levi- Strauss allows customers to order jeans tailored to an individual measurement at a click of a button. Davis Meyer (1998) also offers a similar customer experience with Dell. They argue that Dell computers accept its customers to skip the retail outlet and embrace the internet to request a customized computer. It is delivered in a matter of days thus saving a customer’s time. Conclusion A production procedure is said to be fragmented when it is divided into two or more stages that can be performed in different places, but leads to a similar product. The decision of some manufacturers locating production phases across the globe has been determined by several reasons. This has included the relative merits offered by the chosen countries. Among the reasons calling for this process is the difference in technology, labor cost, trade barriers and ready market among other reasons. When fragmentation does occur, the delocalization of the production slices is not necessarily persuaded by variation in technology, but it can take place because of the differences in the fixed labor overheads. Generally speaking, when the responsibility of intermediary goods is measured, trade course can emerge by the presence of a fixed cost-benefit and the definite permutation of stages of the production process occurring in diverse countries. References Cairncross, F., 1997. The Death of Distance. Boston: Harvard Business School Press Grimwade, N., 2000. International Trade: New Patterns of Trade, Production and Investment, New York, Routledge Hummels, D., J., and Yi, K.M. 2001. â€Å"The nature and growth of vertical specialization in world trade†, Journal of International Economics, 54(1):75-96. Krugman, P., 1995. â€Å"Growing world trade: Causes and consequences†, Brooking Papers on Economic Activity 1: 327-377. Shenkar, O., and Luo, Y., 2004, International Business, New Jersey, John Wiley Stan,D., and Meyer, C., 1998. Blur. Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley Reading Welch, L.S., Benito, G.R., Petersen, B., 2007. Foreign Operations Methods: Theory, Analysis, Strategy. Chelterham: Edward Elgar Publishing Wolfgang, M.,1984. â€Å"Endogenous Tariff Formation.† American Economic Review 74(5): 970–985. Yi, K.M. 2003. â€Å"Can Ver tical Specialization Explain the Growth of World Trade?†Ã‚  Journal of Political Economy, 111 (1): 52–102.

Write about being a revenue cycle director in managed care Term Paper

Write about being a revenue cycle director in managed care - Term Paper Example President, I am tasked with verifying, reviewing and updating all information relating to the demography on the managed care’s database, SoundConnect, which is primary a care service provider. i. Evaluating equipment, systems and staffing so that they meet the set standards of business. I provide assessments, appraisals and recommendations to the Chief Financial Officer and other top level management. After I send my recommendations, they are then responsible for making the appropriate changes. iv. Monitoring the productivity of all the departments. These productivity metrics include claims that have been rejected, denied or processed. It also includes collection volume, payments of patients, rates of fee schedules and account write offs. v. Ensuring that the staff attends training programs for specified functions. Through reviewing the staff, I am able to gauge their job proficiency. Additionally, I schedule staff meetings aimed at enhancing staff development and improving communication. vii. Using the billing system and systems of collection for processing and billing. I am an accountant by profession and therefore I ensure that the billing systems are utilized by the staff at the care. I also conduct training programs to make sure that proficiency testing for all staff is established. Friedman et al., argues that, the revenue cycle director is part of the managerial staff and as such, is involved with contributing to the vision and strategic strategies that a managed care facility adopts. Therefore, the director sets the strategy and vision in alignment with the goals and initiatives of the critical revenue cycle for every business line (Friedman et al., 2013). As the director, I provide the strategy and vison for the Pain Center, Home Health, Orthopedics and the Ambulatory Surgical Center. My job extends to managing and leading intrinsic revenue cycle projects. I perform this role by providing the total oversight and direction of the core areas that

Rumi In Forty Rules Of Love Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Rumi In Forty Rules Of Love - Assignment Example The spiritual faith was also vital in that it was passed onto his friends and family who happened to follow the teaching that Rumi followed. This was important in that it helped him develop further his religious faith and get to understand people and the environment even further. Focusing further on the spiritual relationship between Rumi and Shams, one gets to understand the extent to which the former inspired the latter to renew his faith even at times that they saw as if their friendship would fail. The deep spiritual character in the story is also experienced from the manner in which they promise each other that they would be there for each other. There even at times that the other one had lost faith and that they would renew this faith and consequently lead a better life.Throughout his life, the one thing that Rumi wanted became a successful poet. As he went around his life carrying out his activities, he often required a boost in order to ensure that his life goals got achieved . It is from this that we often find that he had a character of persistence and dedication. These two are well expressed in the character throughout the book, and this is from the manner in which he does not give up hope but rather continues pursuing his goals sure he would achieve them. It is from this that one gets to understand that the character is very well endowed with the required attributes to perform well. Shams know this well enough that the author says Shams decided to dedicate his life to see to it that Rumi achieved his goals.

Atmospheric and Water Quality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Atmospheric and Water Quality - Essay Example Moreover, it also included the effects of ground reflection on the plume. (Sutton, 1947) The basis for this model and various other models is the Generalized Dispersion Equation for A Continuous Point Source Plume. (Beychok, 2005) This equation is: Where: is the cross wind dispersion parameter given as: is the vertical dispersion parameter given as: Where is the vertical dispersion with no reflection, is the vertical dispersion for reflection from the ground, is the vertical dispersion for reflection from an inversion aloft and are given as: is the concentration of emissions given in g/m3 at any given receptor that is located at meters downwind of the emission source, meters crosswind from the emission plume centreline and meters above the level of the ground. is the emission rate of the source pollutant given in g/s is the horizontal wind velocity along the plume’s centreline given in m/s is the height of the emission plume’s centreline above the ground given in m is t he vertical standard deviation of the emission’s distribution given in m is the horizontal standard deviation of the emission’s distribution given in m is the height of the inversion aloft’s bottom from the ground The equation presented above compensates for upward reflection from ground as well as for downward reflection from the bottom of any inversion lids present within the atmosphere. The exponential terms in g3 converge rapidly and in most circumstances assuming m as 1, 2 and 3 provide acceptable solutions. as well as are representative functions of atmospheric stability and delineate the turbulence of the ambient atmosphere and of the downwind distance to the particular receptor. Within this arrangement, the most important variables are the degree of atmospheric turbulence and the height of the emission source. Generally dispersion is directly related to the turbulence. Q2. a. Describe the natural chemical reactions by which stratospheric ozone is created and destroyed. [10 marks] Ozone is produced in the atmosphere as the photochemical decomposition of oxygen molecules occurs. (Science Fun, 2011) As diatomic oxygen absorbs ultra violet radiation with wavelengths of less than 240 nm it tends to disintegrate as: O2 ? 2O* (reaction 1) The resulting free oxygen atoms combine with more oxygen molecules to generate ozone as below: O + O2 ? O3 Another mechanism is when ozone molecules decompose when treated with ultraviolet radiation with a wavelength of less than 290 nm. The reaction is as under: O3 ? O2 + O* (reaction 2) b. Explain the link that is believed to exist between pollution and ozone layer depletion. [10 marks] Myriad chemicals released into the air are known to react with ozone causing its depletion. The greatest danger stems from chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) which are disintegrated by the action of ultraviolet light as below: CFCl3 + hv ? CFCl2 + Cl* (reaction 1) The activated chlorine atom now reacts with an ozone molecule to give off oxygen and chlorine oxide as under: Cl + O3 ? ClO + O2 (reaction 2) The chlorine oxide further promotes disintegration of ozone as under: ClO + O3 ? Cl* + 2O2 (reaction 3) This reaction tends to persist as reactions 2 and 3 proliferate and cause further ozone molecules to disintegrate into oxygen molecules. The net reaction for reactions 1, 2 and 3 becomes:

Helicobacter Pylori Treatment and Rosacea

Helicobacter Pylori Treatment and Rosacea Running title: Helicobacter Pylori Treatment and Rosacea Parviz Saleh1, Mohammad Naghavi-Behzad2, Hamdieh Herizchi3, Fatemeh Mokhtari3, Mohammad Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari2 , Reza Piri4* 1- Chronic Kidney Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 2- Students Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 3-Department of dermatology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 4- Medical Philosophy and History Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Effects of Helicobacter pylori Treatment on Rosacea: a Single Arm Clinical Trial Study Abstract: Rosacea is a chronic dermatologic disease. Helicobacter pylori has been discussed as one of its causative factors. In this clinical trial study, it was tried to evaluate the effect of H. pylori standard eradication protocol on the rosacea clinical course. In this single-arm clinical trial, patients with approved H. pylori infection based on serological studies were assessed to examine rosacea existence. Then, the patients with concurrent rosacea and H. pylori infection were included in the study and underwent a standard Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy. Rosacea was evaluated using Duluth rosacea grading score at beginning, 2 months later, and at the end of the trial (day 180). Of 872 patients with positive H. pylori, 167 patients (19.15%) manifested the clinical features of rosacea. The patients with concurrent rosacea were younger (p Keywords: Rosacea, Helicobacter pylori, Prevalence, Eradication, Treatment Effects of Helicobacter pylori Treatment on Rosacea Introduction: Rosacea is a chronic dermatological disorder mostly affects facial convexities, which is characterized by telangiectasia, flushing and papulopustular changes (1, 2). These findings tend to be in cluster patterns, which allow identification of different subgroups of patients. In other words, rosacea includes a wide spectrum of dermatological manifestations with different severities (3-5). Pathogenesis of rosacea is thought be related to vascular changes, but the main process of pathogenesis for rosacea is still unknown. A combination of dermal connective tissue damage and vascular dysfunction consisting endothelial damage, impaired reactivity, and autonomic dysfunction has been proposed (5-9). So researchers have always tried to reveal the pathophysiology process by proposing possible pathogenic factors such as solar irradiation, sensitivity to noxious stimuli, change in redox status, and the presence of parasitic mites (Demodex folliculorum) (10-14). The role of Helicobacter pylori related gastritis in the pathogenesis of rosacea has been also a subject of controversy. Diverse prevalence of H. pylori infection has been reported among rosacea patients (15-21), ranging from zero to 100%. Some studies have suggested that rosacea could be considered as an extra-gastric symptom of H. pylori infection or reported improved rosacea clinical course post H. pylori eradication (22) (23), while others concluded no significant relationship between H. pylori infection and rosacea (24, 25). Based on our literature review, no confident and precise conclusion has been made about any change in the clinical course of rosacea after H. pylori eradication yet today. So the present clinical trial aimed to evaluate changes in the clinical course of rosacea after H. pylori eradication by standard treatment protocol. Subjects and Methods Study design In this single-arm clinical trial which was conducted in clinical-educational centers of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (Tabriz, Iran) from May 2013 to November 2015, patients with proved H. pylori infection based on serological study were screened for evaluation of concurrent rosacea disease. Then, the patients with concurrent rosacea clinical presentation and H. pylori infection were enrolled into the study. Considering sample number limitation, sampling was performed during a year to calculate sample size, then study power was calculated 0.85 according to that number of samples. Rosacea severity was graded using Duluth rosacea grading score (26) before and after H. pylori eradication protocol. Finally, the patients were examined 2 and 6 months after medication, to compare dermatological findings of rosacea with primary findings. All participants were provided an informed written consent, and the study protocol was in compliance with the Helsinki Declaration and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. In all stages of study patients information were anonymous and based on codes and patients could refuse to take part in the study at any stage. This study is registered at Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT2015051418946N3). Study population All patients who were 20-65 years old, with confirmed H. pylori infection and active rosacea, attending clinical-educational centers of TUMS were included in the study. Prior H. pylori eradication treatment, the existence of any other dermatologic problem, allergy to clarithromycin or omeprazole, antibiotic therapy within past 2 months, topical treatment of rosacea in past 3 weeks, history of hospitalization in past 6 months, pregnancy and breastfeeding, patients were considered as exclusion criteria of the study. H. pylori infection evaluation H. pylori stool antigen test was implicated to confirm H. pylori infection before enrolling the patients into this study (day 0) and to confirm H. pylori eradication (day 60). Stool samples were collected in a standard container. In the laboratory, using an applicator stick 4-5 mm of stool was transferred in a diluent vial, then it was vortexed for 20 seconds. Then, 4 drops of vial were dispensed in ImmunoCard STAT HpSA kit (Meridian Diagnostics, Inc., OH, USA); positive predictive value of this test was 89.3% based on literature (27). The positive and negative results were concluded based on the manufacturers recommendation. Rosacea evaluation Rosacea severity was evaluated using Duluth rosacea grading score (26) at beginning (day 0), 2 months later (day 60), and at end of the trial (day 180). Dermatology team examined rosacea based on detecting primary and secondary signs and symptoms of rosacea and graded them as absent, mild, moderate, or severe (0-3), based on the Duluth scoring system. Primary features of rosacea included: flushing (transient erythema), non-transient erythema, papules and pustules, telangiectasia. Secondary features included: burning or stinging, plaques, dry appearance, edema, ocular manifestations, peripheral location (present or absent), phymatous changes. Finally, rosacea condition was compared in day 0, day 60, and day 180 by the same team. H. pylori treatment Standard two-week triple therapy was administered to eradicate H. pylori, including metronidazole 500 mg orally twice per day, clarithromycin 500 mg orally twice per day, and pantoprazole 40 mg orally per day. Primary and secondary outcomes The primary outcome was the severity of rosacea before and after H. Pylori eradication. Secondary outcomes were H. Pylori eradication rate and prevalence of rosacea among patients with H. Pylori and demographic differences between H. Pylori positive patients with rosacea and without rosacea. Demographic and outcome measurement All demographic information was collected at patients enrollment time. Patients rosacea stage was evaluated on day 0, 60, and 180, then they were compared. Same dermatology team reevaluated clinical course of rosacea to decrease inter-observer error. Statistical methods Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS software package, version 16.0, for windows (SPSS Inc.). Quantitative data are presented as mean  ± standard deviation (SD), while qualitative data are demonstrated as frequency and percent (%). Paired sample t-test, chi-square, and Friedman test were used for analysis of data. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare between groups and Wilcoxon ranked sum test was used to compare within groups. Probable confounding factors were considered as inclusion and exclusion criteria. However, some factors which could have been confounding factors were analyzed using multivariate analysis but they were not presented in results the section. P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Normal distribution of data was assessed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Results In the present study 872 patients with positive H. pylori stool antigen were assessed by dermatologists team. Of 872 patients, 167 patients had clinical features of rosacea. Some demographic information about patients is shown in Table 1; of all patients with a positive test for H. pylori, patients diagnosed with rosacea had lower ages (p>0.001) and the difference in gender composition was also statistically significant (p=0.034); in this conclusion, multivariate analysis was used. Based on the results, rosacea prevalence among patients with positive H. pylori stool antigen was 19.15% (167/875). Of 167 patients with positive H. pylori stool antigen and rosacea, 17 patients rejected to take part in the study while 150 patients agreed. Of 150 patients who underwent H.pylori eradication therapy, 138 (92%) had negative H. pylori stool antigen (successful treatment) at the end of the trial. Rosacea Duluth score at day 0, 60 and 180 was 15.55 ±4.34, 14.11 ±3.96 and 12.57 ±3.62, respectively; the differences between all stages were statistically significant (p Based on Wilcoxon signed-rank test, comparison of primary and secondary features of rosacea between stages of study is shown in table 3; Of secondary rosacea features, burning or stinging, plaques, dry appearance edema and ocular manifestations the difference between two stages of study were mostly significant; but the differences for peripheral involvement and phymatous change were mostly not statistically significant. Discussion Rosacea as a chronic dermatological disease, with an almost unknown pathogenesis process so far, has been the subject of many studies. One of the proposed pathogenic processes attributed to rosacea is gastric infection with H. pylori, so many researchers have tried to examine this association by trying to investigate the correlation between H. pylori infection and rosacea or by observing changes of rosacea after H. pylori eradication. Based in the present study, Prevalence of rosacea among H. Pylori positive patients was 19.15% in this study, which seems as twice as the highest reported rate in other populations, ranging from 1-10% (2, 28-31). This different has been correlated to various variables including race, culture and diet of these. In a study by Argenziano et al. potential association between rosacea and serological evidence of H. pylori infection was investigated and they concluded that there is a significant association between rosacea and H. pylori infection (32), while A bram et al. evaluated several suspected risk factors for rosacea and concluded that there was no statistically significant differences between rosacea patients and those of control group (33). Patients with rosacea and H. pylori infection had female gender predominance and lower age in comparison to those suffering only H. pylori infection. H. pylori cure rate after routine triple therapy was 92%. During 6 months of follow-up, H. pylori eradication among those who had rosacea and H. pylori infection led to a significant improvement in rosacea condition based on Duluth score grading. There was a significant decrease in intensity of almost all primary and secondary criteria except phymatous changes, telangiectasia, and peripheral involvement; this difference in phymatous changes, telangiectasia, and peripheral involvement might be due to the more time taking nature of these criteria to be resolved. Based on the literature, diverse conclusions have been made regarding rosacea resolution after H. pylori eradication. In a study by Szlachcic et al. investigating the link between Helicobacter pylori infection and rosacea, it was concluded that after H. pylori eradication therapy among patients with rosacea and H. pylori infection, H. pylori cure rate was 97%, and in 85% of patients the symptoms of rosacea decreased markedly or disappeared within 2-4 weeks (22); although H. pylori cure rate in the present study is less than that reported in this study, the effect of H. pylori eradication on rosacea is similar in both of the studies. In another study conducted by Rojo et al. on the role of H. pylori in rosacea and chronic urticarial, it was concluded that H. pylori eradication led to a significant improvement both in rosacea (75.6%) and urticarial (85.7%) when compared with control group (22%) in 4 weeks (34); results of that study is similar to what was concluded in the present study, although no precise description of clinical features of rosacea was presented after treatment. On the hand, Bamford et al. in a study investigating effect of treatment of H. pylori infection on rosacea concluded that rosacea was significantly improved after H. pylori eradication, although this improvement was also significant in control group, the difference between the improvement of rosacea was not statistically significant between intervention and control group (35); this fact that both groups had significant improvement in rosacea totally undermined the association of H. pylori infection and rosacea which was concluded in the present study, also in this article the improvement was attributed to probable placebo effect. In another study by Herr et al. relationship between H. pylori and rosacea was examined by evaluating the response of patients with rosacea to H. pylori eradication, and they concluded that there was no statistically significant change in rosacea condition both in intervention and control group, although papulopustules had significantly decreased in interven tion group comparing baseline and follow-up (36), which is the only improvement detected after H. pylori eradication in this study, but in the present study besides improvement of papulopustules, almost all the other clinical manifestations of rosacea had improved. In a study by El-khalawany evaluating the effect of H. pylori eradication in rosacea subtypes it was concluded that H. pylori eradication led to a significant improvement in rosacea, where papulopustular subtype improved significantly more than erythematotelangiectatic subtype (37); these results are similar to the results of present study, since in the present study almost all clinical manifestations of rosacea had decreased while no statistically significant change was shown about telangiectasia. According to the mentioned literature, different conclusions have been derived from studies about the efficacy of H. pylori eradication in rosacea treatment; ranging from significant improvement in rosacea (22) or significant improvement between baseline and follow-up but not when compared to control group (35) to no significant improvement in rosacea. One of the reasons which might be responsible for these diverse conclusions is multifactorial nature of rosacea where ethnic group, bacterial subtypes or genetics might be other confounding factors. One of the main limitations of this study was lack of control group, so it might have affected this study to prevent coming to a precise and confident conclusion, also this might have led to undermining probable placebo effect of administered treatment. The main thought behind not including a control group was not willing to deprive patients of H. pylori treatment where their H. pylori infection had already been proved. Another factor which could have resulted in a more precise and reliable conclusion was including possible confounding factors such as gender, ethnic groups, and occupational environment status and analyzing rosacea improvement while taking confounding factors into account. In conclusion, the present study indicated that prevalence of rosacea among patients with H. pylori infections is slightly more than what literature attribute to different populations, it also showed a statistically significant improvement in rosacea when Duluth scores were compared between baseline and follow-up. Considering the present controversy about the association of H. pylori infection and rosacea, it is suggested that further clinical trials considering multifactorial nature of rosacea take all possible confounding factors into account, also as far as rosacea is a dermatological condition with different manifestations, recognition of alterations in the dermatological pattern of rosacea might lead to a more confident conclusion. Acknowledgments: This Study was supported by Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Conflict of Interests: No conflict of interests are declared References: 1.Plewig G, Kligman A M. Acne and rosacea: Springer Science Business Media: 2012. 2.Powell F C. Rosacea. New England Journal of Medicine 2005: 352: 793-803. 3.Tan J, Blumeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Peytavi U, Ortonne J, et al. An observational crossà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ sectional survey of rosacea: clinical associations and progression between subtypes. British Journal of Dermatology 2013: 169: 555-562. 4.Tan J, Berg M. Rosacea: current state of epidemiology. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 2013: 69: S27-S35. 5.Steinhoff M, Buddenkotte J, Aubert J, et al. Clinical, cellular, and molecular aspects in the pathophysiology of rosacea. In: Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings: Nature Publishing Group, 2011: 2-11. 6.Del Rosso J Q. Advances in Understanding and Managing Rosacea: Part 1 Connecting the Dots Between Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Common Clinical Features of Rosacea with Emphasis on Vascular Changes and Facial Erythema. Journal of Clinical Aesthetic Dermatology 2012: 5. 7.Fimmel S, Abdel-Naser M B, Kutzner H, et al. New aspects of the pathogenesis of rosacea. Drug Discovery Today: Disease Mechanisms 2008: 5: e103-e111. 8.Pouralibaba F, Babaloo Z, Pakdel F, et al. Serum level of interleukin 17 in patients with erosive and non erosive oral lichen planus. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2013: 7: 91. 9.Naderi N J, Tirgari F, Esmaili F, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor and Ki-67 antigen expression in relation to age and gender in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2012: 6: 103. 10.Tisma V S, Basta-Juzbasic A, Jaganjac M, et al. Oxidative stress and ferritin expression in the skin of patients with rosacea. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 2009: 60: 270-276. 11.Guzman-Sanchez D A, Ishiuji Y, Patel T, et al. Enhanced skin blood flow and sensitivity to noxious heat stimuli in papulopustular rosacea. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 2007: 57: 800-805. 12.Marks R. The enigma of rosacea. Journal of Dermatological Treatment 2007: 18: 326-328. 13.Lacey N, Delaney S, Kavanagh K, et al. Miteà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ related bacterial antigens stimulate inflammatory cells in rosacea. British Journal of Dermatology 2007: 157: 474-481. 14.Golfroushan F, Azimi H, Ali E T H. Comparison of Efficacy of Topical Combination Solution of Salicylic Acid% 2 and Erythromycin% 4 with Topical Solution of Erythromycin 4% Alone in Mild to Moderate Acne Vulgaris Treatment: A Double-Blinded Randomized Clinical Trial. Medical Journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Health Services 2013: 34. 15.Zandi S, Shamsadini S, Zahedi M, et al. Helicobacter pylori and rosacea. Eastern Mediterranean health journal= La revue de sante de la Mediterranee orientale= al-Majallah al-sihhiyah li-sharq al-mutawassit 2002: 9: 167-171. 16.Hernando-Harder A C, Booken N, Goerdt S, et al. Helicobacter pylori infection and dermatologic diseases. European Journal of Dermatology 2009: 19: 431-444. 17.Elà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ khalawany M, Mahmoud A, Mosbeh A S, et al. Role of Helicobacter pylori in common rosacea subtypes: a genotypic comparative study of Egyptian patients. The Journal of dermatology 2012: 39: 989-995. 18.Bhattarai S, Agrawal S, Rijal A, et al. The study of prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in patients with acne rosacea. Kathmandu University Medical Journal 2014: 10: 49-52. 19.Prelipcean C C, Mihai C, Gogălniceanu P, et al. Extragastric manifestations of Helicobacter pylori infection. Revista medico-chirurgicala a Societatii de Medici si Naturalisti din Iasi 2006: 111: 575-583. 20.Yousefi L, Ghotaslou R, Akhi M T, et al. Frequency of Helicobacter pylori blood-group antigen-binding adhesion 2 and sialic acid binding adhesion genes among dyspeptic patients in Tabriz, Iran: H. pylori babA2 and sabA genes. Journal of Analytical Research in Clinical Medicine 2015: 3. 21.Salehi M R, Aboei M S, Naghsh N, et al. A comparison in prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in the gingival crevicular fluid from subjects with periodontitis and healthy individuals using polymerase chain reaction. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2013: 7: 238. 22.Szlachcic A. The link between Helicobacter pylori infection and rosacea. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 2002: 16: 328-333. 23.Tà ¼zà ¼n Y, Keskin S, Kote E. The role of Helicobacter pylori infection in skin diseases: facts and controversies. Clinics in dermatology 2010: 28: 478-482. 24.DakoviĆ¡ Z, VesiĆ¡ S, VukoviĆ¡ J, et al. Ocular rosacea and treatment of symptomatic Helicobacter pylori infection: a case series. Acta dermatovenerologica Alpina, Pannonica, et Adriatica 2007: 16: 83-86. 25.Mayr-Kanhà ¤user S, Krà ¤nke B, Kaddu S, et al. Resolution of granulomatous rosacea after eradication of Helicobacter pylori with clarithromycin, metronidazole and pantoprazole. European journal of gastroenterology hepatology 2001: 13: 1379-1383. 26.Wilkin J, Dahl M, Detmar M, et al. Standard grading system for rosacea: report of the National Rosacea Society Expert Committee on the classification and staging of rosacea. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 2004: 50: 907-912. 27.Chisholm S A, Watson C L, Teare E L, et al. Non-invasive diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in adult dyspeptic patients by stool antigen detection: does the rapid immunochromatography test provide a reliable alternative to conventional ELISA kits? Journal of medical microbiology 2004: 53: 623-627. 28.Kyriakis K P, Palamaras I, Terzoudi S, et al. Epidemiologic aspects of rosacea. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology: 53: 918-919. 29.Tan J, Berg M. Rosacea: Current state of epidemiology. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology: 69: S27-S35. 30.McAleer M A, Fitzpatrick P, Powell F C. Papulopustular rosacea: Prevalence and relationship to photodamage. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 2010: 63: 33-39. 31.Abram K, Silm H, Oona M. Prevalence of Rosacea in an Estonian Working Population Using a Standard Classification. Acta Dermato-Venereologica 2010: 90: 269-273. 32.Argenziano G, Donnarumma G, Arnese P, et al. Incidence of antià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Helicobacter pylori and antià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ CagA antibodies in rosacea patients. International journal of dermatology 2003: 42: 601-604. 33.Abram K, Silm H, Maaroos H I, et al. Risk factors associated with rosacea. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 2010: 24: 565-571. 34.Rojo-Garcia J M, Munoz-Perez M A, Escudero J, et al. Helicobacter pylori in rosacea and chronic urticaria. Acta dermato-venereologica 2000: 80: 156-157. 35.Bamford J T, Tilden R L, Blankush J L, et al. Effect of treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection on rosacea. Archives of dermatology 1999: 135: 659-663. 36.Herr C, Hee You C. Relationship between Helicobacter pylori and Rosacea. J Korean Med Sci 2000: 15: 551-554. 37.El-khalawany M, Mahmoud A, Mosbeh A-S, et al. Role of Helicobacter pylori in common rosacea subtypes: A genotypic comparative study of Egyptian patients. The Journal of Dermatology 2012: 39: 989-995. Tables: Table 1. Demographic information about patients with positive H. pylori stool antigen (%) Variables Patients with* P value + HPA without rosacea (N=705) +HPA with rosacea (N=167) Age (years old) 54.38 ±10.71 43.21 ±9.84 Gender 337 (47.81%) female, 368 (52.19%) male 95 (56.89%) female, 72 (43.11%) male 0.03 Marital status Single, Divorced or widowed (643(91.2%)), Married (62(8.8%)) Single, Divorced or widowed (145 (86.82%)), Married (22 (13.18%)) 0.1 +HPA: Positive H. pylori antigen * U Mann-Whitney test was used. **Data are shown as Mean  ± Standard Deviation and number (%) Table 2. Rosacea Duluth grading of patients at day 0, 60 and 180 of trial (N=138)*. Variables Day 0 ** Day 60** Day 180** P value Primary Features Flushing 2.28  ± 0.71 2.02  ± 0.51 1.82  ± 0.52 Non-transient erythema 2.34  ± 0.54 1.9  ± 0.64 1.42  ± 0.72 Papules and pustules 1.8  ± 0.59 1.71  ±0.51 1.58  ± 0.52 Telangiectasia 1.78  ± 0.93 1.72  ±0.67 1.74  ± 0.84 <

August Wilsonâ??s Fences :: essays research papers

August Wilson’s Fences August Wilson''s 1985 Pulitzer Prize-winning play, "Fences" thoughtfully examines the escalating racial tensions in America during the 1950s. The playwright deftly handles such complex social issues as racism and adultery without smug commentary. The subtle discussion of black America offers more insight than lecture, which heightens the dramatic impact upon the audience. Wilson recognizes that the family lies the foundation for American society as a whole, and shrewdly chooses family as the emphasis for "Fences." The play''s central focus is the Maxson''s, the instrument Wilson uses to introduce African-American culture to those who are unfamiliar. In the mid-1950s, America was still experiencing a post-World War II economic boon, and could at last allow foreign affairs to take a back seat to domestic issues. The social climate was becoming increasingly heated with the 1954 Supreme Court decision Brown v. The Board of Education of Topeka, which ruled school segregation was unconstitutional. This landmark ruling ignited racial tensions across America, which had been slowly simmering for years. The protagonist of "Fences" is former baseball player-turned Pittsburgh garbage man Troy Maxson, and the antagonist is clearly racism. It is racism which has defied Troy Maxson at every turn and his skin color stood in the way of his quest to grab a piece of the American dream for himself and his family. Racism creates the conflict, which causes Troy to feel that he has been "fenced" in by a discriminatory society. It has heated tensions within the Maxson home between Troy and his wife, Rose, and Troy and his son Cory. August Wilson establishes an impression of the 53-year-old Troy Maxson early in Act I, writing that he is "a large man with thick, heavy hands; it is this largeness that he strives to fill out and make an accommodation with.

Development of the Aztec, Akkadian and Hittite Empires

Chris Scarre ( 2013, p.198 ) suggests that the development of imperiums was driven by the desire for security, or for economic addition or by the mere personal aspiration of swayers and elites. To what extent do you hold with this statement? Answer utilizing grounds from, and doing mention to, at least three of the undermentioned imperiums: the Aztec, the Roman, the Chinese, the Akkadian and the Hittite. The purpose of this paper is to find as to whether I agree or disagree with the above statement. In order to find the extent of agreement/disagreement, a scope of goaded forces will be explored environing the imperiums of the Aztecs, the Akkadians and the Hittites. To get down with, the word imperium will be defined to give a unequivocal apprehension and how it fits into the three aforementioned imperiums. Empire is defined as: ‘a group of states or peoples ruled over by an emperor, empress, or other powerful crowned head or authorities: normally a district of greater extent than a land, as the former British Empire, Gallic Empire, Russian Empire, Byzantine Empire, or Roman ‘ . ( Oxford Companion to Archaeology, 2012 ) Evidence of suggested forces behind the constitution of imperiums and their possible death will be used to back up any agreement/disagreement. The first imperium to be covered is the Aztecs, which existed during the late Post-Classic period, and located in the dumbly populated basin of Mexico. The Aztecs came to command big countries of Mesoamerica North of the Gulf of Tehuantepec and were the last of the Chichimec folk to go forth their place at Aztlan by drouth or overaˆ?population which my have been the driving force to the constitution of the imperium. The desire for wealth seem to hold progressed when the Aztecs served as soldier of fortunes through which a series of confederations and rebellions formed, ensuing in growing of wealth and metropoliss. To farther confirm the rise of an imperium, the Aztecs took control of an country of 200 000 square kilometers with a public of about 10 million. This demonstrates the push for growing in set uping a powerful imperium. Having exp lored the development affecting the growing of the Aztec imperium. The societal complexness every bit good as the handiness of historical grounds of stuff remains are found amongst the ruins stating the narrative as it unfolded at the clip. To confirm archeological grounds I shall concentrate on the capital, Tenochtitlan ( C. AD 1325 ) , which grew to be the largest and most complex metropolis in the new universe. Archaeological grounds suggests that much of Tenochtitlan was destroyed in 1521 or subsequently demolished by the colonial Spaniards. It was non until the terminal of the fourteenth century that several twelve warring metropolis provinces existed, one in peculiar which demonstrates the desire for wealth is that of Mexica-Tenocha having a portion of testimonial from combined military triumphs. Further grounds of the desire for power and aspiration by the swayers during the twelvemonth 1519 whereby the mature Aztec imperium dominated some 400 antecedently independent civil o rders through bullying, confederation, and outright conquest. Such procedures of military, wealth, confederation and land size is for me a requirement to the formation of an imperium. The Aztec imperium at the clip showed no marks of failing, was extremely organised, hierarchal and warlike. With the rise of an imperium came its autumn from grace as the imperium proved delicate and did non last the reaching of aggressive European incomers who efficaciously disrupted the top degree of the societal hierarchy and so broke the coercive forces that held the imperium together. ‘The Aztec Empire came to an disconnected terminal on 13 August 1521, when Hernan Cortes and his Spanishconquistadorstook the Aztec capital and its emperor Montechzuma ( Montezuma ) II ‘ (The Aztec Empire: Guggenheim Museum, 2012 ) .Having explored factors impacting a scope of driving forces, I am certain that Scarre has provided a grade of simplification and has non omitted any factors that do non back up the development of imperiums. Not limited to the Aztecs, the rise of imperiums occurred on a planetary footing which brings us on to the second of the imperiums to be discussed which is the Akkadians. The Akkadians were initiated by the swayer Sargon, who was driven by pitiless aspiration through the conquering of the metropolis of Sumer, developing into an enlargement into the universe beyond. It can besides be argued that the Akkadians were besides driven by economic addition through the connexions with the lands of Dilmun, Magan, and Meluhha. Within this desire for economic addition it can be a plausible and a simplified procedure of economic growing and security for the people. Although the imperium was established, the capital, Akkad, has non been located archaeologically. The statement made by Scarre relies on driving forces and taking into history the Akkadian imperium, the readings made through archeological surveies seem to carry through the procedures required in the development of an imperium. Sargon a nd his replacements besides conquered the great city state of Elba, to obtain goods and natural stuffs. The cardinal site of Troy where a great trade of activity was seen from seven consecutive metropoliss, Troy I to Troy VII clearly demonstrates to lift and autumn of an imperium through natural to warfare. The wealth of Troy was apparent when a monolithic cache of about 9000 objects that have become known as the Treasure of Priam connoting power and wealth but fell merely as the Akkadian imperium did. ‘Archaeological grounds has shown that the Akkadian civilisation collapsed suddenly near 4170 Â ± 150 calendar year B.P. , possibly associating to a displacement to more waterless conditions ‘ ( Cullen, 2000 ) . Although records detailing this are rare, the alterations in regional fruitlessness are preserved in next ocean basins. There is besides grounds of volcanic ash sherds which may hold held a direct but temporal nexus between Mesopotamian aridification and societal prostration. With this sudden displacement to a more waterless status within the part, this may hold besides been a lending factor to the autumn of the Akkadian Empire. Not merely did the imperium prostration from environmental factors but besides by occupying forces from the E. Although I tend to hold with the procedures of imperiums lifting and the drive force behind them, it is more hard to confidently support factors imputing to their ruin. The Akkadian imperium is known to hold risen through conquer ing and economic addition but with two changing factors of natural and semisynthetic forces, we can non presume that warfare or environmental factors played a remarkable portion in the prostration of that imperium. I am non convinced that warfare brought down the Akkadian imperium and am non convinced that environmental factors played a exclusive portion in their death. A cardinal site which besides reinforces the desire for wealth and power. Small is known about the following imperium, the Hittites who were lost to history. What we do know are found on clay tablets (Explore/World Cultures: Hittities British Museum, 2013 ) . It was during the periods from approximately 1650/1600 to 1200 BC that the male monarchs of Hattusha ruled an imperium that reached across the wide lands of Anatolia, widening at times even into the North of Syria. ‘They conquered Babylon, and Troy was seemingly one of their vasals. Besides Egypt and Assyria/Babylonia, the Hittites were the 3rd world power of the Ancient Near East ‘ ( The Excavations at Hattusha, 2011 ) The Hittites as with any other imperium established the capital Hattusa which comprised beginnings of both written and archeological grounds, nevertheless, research into this part is still ongoing. As small is known, one thing nevertheless does come into light which surrounds the aspiration of the male monarch. It was Hattusili I who at the clip became the first male monarch to establish a run in Northern Syria. Such a run implies that the king knew of the importance environing the desire to hold entree to the sea and for the take-over of trade paths. It was through this run that the male monarch was driven strictly by economic addition through trade and power. Due to little other grounds, there is small to indicate to any concrete informations on the degrees of societal complexness either through archeological findings. From what grounds we have, there is no indicant of any complexness of growing giving the feeling of simpleness in the constitution of the imperium. Although the prostration of the Hittites is non really clear, grounds does demo devastation and forsaking which occurred around 1200-1185 BC at the terminal of the bronze age. One other indicant points to about 1200 BC when the imperium was overwhelmed by encroachers, the individuality of whom is unsure but who were likely portion of the general motions of people in the period of agitation in the Mediterranean at the clip. To reason, I can see no disagreement in Scarres statement and to the full support and agree that imperiums were and are still driven by power, economic addition, security and personal aspiration. If we take into history the procedures involved, I do non believe that there are any complexness. Social and proficient ability does nevertheless find the advancement of a civilisation but as with any other imperium, the leading determines its stableness and length of service. The greater the leader, the greater the imperium. Archaeological grounds exists sing imperiums through the Roman and Greek ruins foregrounding the desire for wealth and the push for power through warfare. I can flatly state that I agree with the statement in that imperiums do lift and fall as evidenced with the Roman imperium, the British imperium in India and the three listed above and that all are driven by one manner or another even to this twenty-four hours. ( 1588 words ) Bibliography Asher, N. ( 2012 )The Oxford Companion to Archaeology( 2nd Ed ) Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //dictionary.reference.com/browse/empire? s=t Accessed: 31 January 2014 Cullen H.M. et Al ( 2000 ) A scholarly article on the prostration of the Akkadian imperium from Geology, April 2000, volume 28, no. 4 ; pp.379–382. Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //leilan.yale.edu/pubs/files/cullen2000.pdf ( Accessed: 1 January 2014 ) Scarre, J. ( Ed. ) ( 2013 )The Human Past: World Prehistory and the Development of Human Societies3rdEdition London: Thames and Hudson, pp. 454, 455, 456, 457 Scarre, J. ( Ed. ) ( 2013 ) The Human Past: World Prehistory and the Development of Human Societies 3rd Edition London: Thames and Hudson, p. 198 The Guggenheim Museum, Exhibitions-The Aztec Empire-Overview Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //pastexhibitions.guggenheim.org/aztecs/overview.html. ( Accessed 1 January 2014 ) The British Museum, Explore/World Cultures ( 2013 ) [ Hittites ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.britishmuseum.org/explore/cultures.aspx ( Accessed 28 December 2013 )The Excavations at Hattusha – A undertaking of the German ArchaeoIogical Institute ( 2011 ) Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.hattuscha.de/English/english1.htm ( Accessed 31 January 2014 )1

Should Ministry of Education Review its Corporal Punishment essays

Should Ministry of Education Review its Corporal Punishment essays The media has reported that a Principal who slapped a female student with a soft cover book was demoted. We were told that the Principal did the act, which is against the spirit of corporal punishment, in a fit of anger. According to the Ministry of Education, the solely form of corporal punishment that is acceptable is canning, where another disciplinary teacher must bear witness to prevent accusations of abuse by the student. However, canning is only imposed upon male students while female students are punished through other methods such as detention. Even though it seems that the Principal has to bear full responsibility for having slapped the student, violating the Ministry of Educations rules, it is an unknown what prompted the principal to do what he knows is wrong. Hence, before we condemn the Principal, we should consider the situation again. All naughty students who go against the school rules, behave defiantly, including female students as well, gives problems to teachers. However, the punishments meant for female students seem to be ineffective. Others might even deem it as the Ministry of Education is over-protecting the female students. As such, should the Ministry of Education review its corporal punishment policy? The Ministry of Educations corporal punishment policy has the propensity of stereotyping the boys to be naughtier than girls are. It also brings about the old fashion perception that girls are more vulnerable than boys are, and thus, the cane is spared upon the females. Nonetheless, I denounce such perception of girls being more vulnerable as we are currently living in the 21st century where there is equality in gender. Girls have claimed that they are able to do whatever the boys are capable of and even excel the boys. So should the corporal punishment not be imposed upon girls? We ought to take into consideration that some female students are as naughty and can get even naughtier th ...

Free Essays on The Scream

The Scream Through the fog of the cold autumn night we drove, searching for some area of sanctuary for our little ritual. Eric’s truck was cold and I could feel the heat from the tip of my cigarette warming my nose. â€Å"I know!† Eric said abruptly, â€Å"Holy Family Cemetery!† and he jerked his truck into the left-turn lane. As we meandered down Waverly Road I said, â€Å"We’re pathetic, you know. Lying to our girlfriends is not only futile but when they catch us it’s going to cause a bigger fight than if we had just told them we wanted to get high tonight.† With a sigh he says, â€Å"I know, but would you rather go to the movies tonight or fight with Jen?† I just silently nodded, not even caring if he saw me give in. The tires crackled over the gravel road leading up the hill to the old cemetery. Holy Family Cemetery is safely perched on top of a hill and surrounded by trees; it’s totally invisible from the road and very dark. The dense and dreary fog aided our disappearance and we felt secure that we had found a safe spot to puff the pipe. We drove slowly through the narrow roads of the necropolis and made our way to a nice central location. As the truck slowed to a stop Eric said, â€Å"We’ll have to suffer the cold. I don’t want Julie smelling weed in my truck tomorrow.† I said, â€Å"You know, they are probably getting high in my bathroom right now.† â€Å"Just get out, man.† â€Å"Alright, alright, I already loaded the pipe, spark it up.† I said and handed him my skull and bones pipe behind my back as I got out of the truck. We moved down to the rear and Eric lowered the tailgate to sit on. The cold metal unmercifully penetrated the denim on my derriere and made me sit up straight in surprise. After a moment I settled down and the heat from my hindquarters drove back the cold from the car. I took the pipe from Eric and again I felt the warmth on my nose. This time it was more intense and the fire felt as though it woul... Free Essays on The Scream Free Essays on The Scream The Scream Through the fog of the cold autumn night we drove, searching for some area of sanctuary for our little ritual. Eric’s truck was cold and I could feel the heat from the tip of my cigarette warming my nose. â€Å"I know!† Eric said abruptly, â€Å"Holy Family Cemetery!† and he jerked his truck into the left-turn lane. As we meandered down Waverly Road I said, â€Å"We’re pathetic, you know. Lying to our girlfriends is not only futile but when they catch us it’s going to cause a bigger fight than if we had just told them we wanted to get high tonight.† With a sigh he says, â€Å"I know, but would you rather go to the movies tonight or fight with Jen?† I just silently nodded, not even caring if he saw me give in. The tires crackled over the gravel road leading up the hill to the old cemetery. Holy Family Cemetery is safely perched on top of a hill and surrounded by trees; it’s totally invisible from the road and very dark. The dense and dreary fog aided our disappearance and we felt secure that we had found a safe spot to puff the pipe. We drove slowly through the narrow roads of the necropolis and made our way to a nice central location. As the truck slowed to a stop Eric said, â€Å"We’ll have to suffer the cold. I don’t want Julie smelling weed in my truck tomorrow.† I said, â€Å"You know, they are probably getting high in my bathroom right now.† â€Å"Just get out, man.† â€Å"Alright, alright, I already loaded the pipe, spark it up.† I said and handed him my skull and bones pipe behind my back as I got out of the truck. We moved down to the rear and Eric lowered the tailgate to sit on. The cold metal unmercifully penetrated the denim on my derriere and made me sit up straight in surprise. After a moment I settled down and the heat from my hindquarters drove back the cold from the car. I took the pipe from Eric and again I felt the warmth on my nose. This time it was more intense and the fire felt as though it woul...