Essay on Analytical Summaries - 4643 Words

Please read all instructions before beginning the assignment so you do not miss any grading components. The completed tutorial should be posted no later than NOON on Sunday November 20th. Analytical Summaries - For this assignment, you will compose two short critical essays explaining and evaluating arguments by other authors. This assignment allows you to analyze an issue from a variety of perspectives and assess arguments for or against the issue. By focusing your attention on how the original authors use evidence and reasoning to construct and support their positions, you can recognize the value of critical thinking in public discourse. Select and read two articles from the chapter â€Å"Deciding to Accept an Argument: (Included at†¦show more content†¦Wexler says. â€Å"Instead of looking in a crystal ball to see your future, you’ll look in your genes.† Doctors long have been able to crudely predict a person’s future illness. By studying disease patterns, for example, they can say that heavy cigarette smokers have 10 times the risk of developing lung cancer as nonsmokers and that middle-aged men with high blood cholesterol levels have higher-than-normal risk of heart attacks. Geneticists also look at family medical pedigrees to determine the chances of children inheriting any of the 3,000 known genetic disorders. But such predictions are similar to casino odds. Doctors can’t predict which smokers will actually develop lung cancer, which individual will have a premature heart attack or which child actually inherited a defective gene. Genetic probes, however, will change predictive medicine. The probes are synthetic versions of genes that cause disease. Tossed into a test tube with a small sample of a person’s own genetic material—his DNA—the probes cling to and identify their natural counterparts. â€Å"Raft of Questions.† Proponents of predictive medicine cite its potentially tremendous benefit in that it will allow, in some instances, people to take preventive measures to ward off certain illnesses. â€Å"But it also raises a raft of questions on almost every level—social, psychological, personal, legal and ethical,† says Ms. Wexler, a psychologist who has specialized in the problems ofShow MoreRelatedAnalytical Summaries Essay675 Words   |  3 PagesDebra Crawford 2/4/2012 â€Æ' Predictive Probes Summary Nancy Wexler’s Mother died of Huntington’s disease it is hereditary, fatal, and happens in midlife. Ms. Wexler is a 38 year old woman and is the president of the Hereditary Disease Foundation. She is not sure of her own fate in life, because she doesn’t know whether she has inherited the same deadly gene that killed her mother. The uncertainty could be solved by a test to see if she has inherited the deadly gene. Nancy is in aRead MoreAnalytical Summaries of Some Articles2004 Words   |  8 PagesAnalytical Summaries Allen, Nancy A. Feasibility and acceptability of continous glucose monitoring and accelerometertechnology in excercising individuals with type 2 diabetes. Journal of Clinical Nursing 18 (2009): 373-381. This paper is about a study that is about to be done that involves developing a role model data that is designed for an intermediation in order to motivate non-exercising people with type 2 diabetes mellitus to engage in steady physical activity. The purpose of the workRead MoreAnalytical Summary Shooting an Elephant by George Orwell Essay1064 Words   |  5 PagesAnalytical Summary Shooting an Elephant Shooting an Elephant, written by George Orwell, is a short autobiographical essay about an incident that occurred during the time of his service as a police officer in Burma. The essay is centered around an event in which Orwell was forced to shoot an elephant against his own wishes. Using this episode which resulted in the clash between his own personal beliefs and the expectations of those around him, Orwell sends a message that imperialism is a lose-loseRead MoreAnalytical Summary : How Helicopter Parents Are Ruining College Students873 Words   |  4 PagesAnalytical Summary: â€Å"How helicopter parents are ruining college students† In Amy Joyce’s On Parenting article, â€Å"How helicopter parents are ruining college students† posted on September 2, 2014, Joyce addresses the issue with parents who controls their college student’s life to the public. Amy’s exigence is from an article recently published in the journal Education + Training found that there is an important line to draw between parental involvement and over-parenting. Joyce got information fromRead MoreTesting Results For Pharmaceutical, Para Medical And Cosmetic Products Food Supplement1094 Words   |  5 Pagesproblems that could create OOS results. 6.3.1 Certain analytical methods have system suitability requirements, if systems not meeting such requirements should not be used. For example, in chromatographic systems, reference standard solutions are injected at intervals throughout chromatographic runs to measure drift, sensitivity, and repeatability. For compendial or validated methods. 6.3.2 If instrument response indicates that the analytical system is not functioning adequately, data collected duringRead MoreCharles Babbage And His Engines765 Words   |  4 PagesBabbage didn’t stop with the difference engine but continued with his new creation on the analytical engine. Even though it was never built, the author goes into great detail explaining how the analytical engine would have worked and functioned. In a broad summary, the analytical engine was a huge improvement from the previous engine. To provide evidence for the previous statement, the reading suggest that the analytical engine was controlled by means of punched cards strung together (Wilkes 21). When comparedRead MoreA Rugged, Precise and Accurate New Gravimetry Method for the Determination of Gold706 Words   |  3 Pages Gold samples with five replicates of approximately 0.2g was carried out by acid digestion using a solution containing 15mL of 35% Hydrochloric acid and 5mL of 69% of nitric acid in the presence of 10mL de-ionized 18.2M â„ ¦ resistivity water of analytical grade per sample. Samples were weighed using Mettler Toledo balance model and were boiled to a hot plate that can withstand a temperature of up to 350oC. After the mixture was boiled and became syrupy, 10 to 12g of hydroxylamine hydrochloride/hydroxylRead MoreDetermination of Copper(Ii) Concentration by Spectrophotometry2699 Words   |  11 Pagesthe forms of Cu(OH)+, CuCO3,etc. That is why measuring the concentration of copper in many water systems is necessary and this measurement of its concentration can be done using the so called spectrophotometry. [1] Spectrophotometry is branch of analytical chemistry in which the amount of light absorbed by the substance is determined by measuring the intensity of light that passes through sample solution. The basic principle behind this is that chemical solution absorbs or transmits light based onRead MoreQuestions On Online Analytical Processing1226 Words   |  5 PagesCHAPTER 3 On-Line Analytical Processing Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) applications and tools are those that are designed to ask â€Å"complex queries of large multidimensional collections of data.† OLAP is used for data mining, as well as the discovery of undiscerned relationship between data items. Since not all transactional data is needed for trend analysis, the OLAP database doesn’t have to be as large as a data warehouse. With the use of Open Database Connectivity (ODBC), data can be importedRead MoreSample Statistic Assignment2945 Words   |  12 Pagesunbiased data, applying probability rules, using statistical calculations (often with the help of the TI-84 graphing calculator), and drawing well-supported conclusions from the data to answer the research question. The course requires strong analytical skills, a willingness to learn and follow the scientific method that supports accurate decision-making in the presence of uncertainty, and an ability to write and explain your conclusions in a clear, concise, and persuasive way. This is a college-level

Dermatofibrosarcoma In The Breast Diagnostic And...

Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans in the Breast: Diagnostic and Treatment Dilemmas Abstract: Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is an extremely rare sarcoma, accounting for less than 0.1% of all malignancies and approximately 1% of all soft tissue sarcomas. The overall incidence has been reported between 0.8–5.0 cases per 1 million persons per year. Furthermore, only a few case reports of DFSP have been found within breast tissue [1]. We report a case of a 30-year-old female with DFSP found within the left breast. It was a palpable, painless and rubbery, mobile lump that was gradually increasing in size. Further workup with ultrasound and MRI core biopsy suggested DFSP. Current treatment of DFSP in the breast tissue is lacking due to the low incidence reported in the literature. The current recommendations are of surgical excision with 1- 2cm margins [2]. This is not without cosmetic implications, and consequently may reduce compliance to aggressive surgical treatment. In this case, the surgical aim was for 2cm margins. Adequate margins were achieved except for a medial margin of 5.9mm. Final histology confirmed DFSP. Further discussion in multidisciplinary team and with the patient came to a decision to continue with close observation alone, rather than re-excision. This is predicated on the slow growth pattern of DFSP and its tendency to metastasize only very rarely. We present this case to discuss the difficulties associated with diagnosis, treatment and

Second Life Ready for Business Free Essays

1. What problems can Second Life help businesses solve? Second Life provides businesses with tools for online conferencing, online collaboration, knowledge management, and prototyping. Companies can test new products using Second Life’s 3-D rendering programs. We will write a custom essay sample on Second Life Ready for Business or any similar topic only for you Order Now They can experiment with new marketing and advertising campaigns to see how people react. They can receive feedback on real-world products or services. 2. Considering what you have learned about Second Life, how could you, as an individual, create a modest start-up business on the Grid? What goods would you sell? Why would this be a good choice of product? What, in simple terms, would your business plan be? Why would it work? One potential new business would be to sell furnishings for online spaces. People inherently want to furnish and decorate their private spaces. The products could be bought and sold using Lindens. The start-up costs could be low since there aren’t any inventory costs. You can create the furnishings as they’re ordered. A business plan would include advertising ideas, marketing ideas, how to deliver the products, customer follow-up ideas, and financial planning. 3. Visit eBay on the Web and see what Second Life items you can find listed for auction. How would you rate the activity surrounding these items? Are you surprised by what you see? Why or why not? Obviously the information for this question will fluctuate. As of this writing, eBay offered 211 items. They included how-to manuals for making money on Second Life, a guide to selling land, and business opportunities on the site. One item in particular was a vending machine business package available for $4.99. The individual offering the item was an eBay Power Seller with 6,483 feedback postings. He was obviously an established eBay seller. Other items for sale include a Gym Workout package for $4.99 and a macro that makes navigating the skies of Second Life easier. It sold for $12.99. Answers to the last three questions will vary by student. The point is to have them realize how advanced and pervasive sites like Second Life have become. 4. How important is interoperability between 3-D worlds like Second Life and other Web sites such as Amazon, MySpace, and YouTube? Do you think that Second Life can survive and prosper on its own? What is the future of these entities? Separate or integrated? Interoperability between 3-D worlds and other Web sites is very important because of the increasing popularity of all the sites. People don’t want to continually learn new and different skills. Rather they want to transport their skills and software from one site to another. It’s doubtful that Second Life could survive and prosper on its own. Demand for the site will increase if it becomes more entwined with other sites and even real life. As people continue to combine offline and online activities, they want easy ways to transition from one to the other. This is where the people component of the three dimensions of information systems becomes apparent. Obviously this leads to more integration in the future. 5. What obstacles does Second Life have to overcome in order to become a mainstream business tool? Does it face fewer or more obstacles to become a mainstream educational tool? To what do you attribute the difference? Second Life needs to overcome the idea and perception that it’s â€Å"just another game site.† Other obstacles include ease-of-use, interoperability between pre-established business systems and Second Life’s proprietary system. It needs to create ways to import and export data between its system and external business systems—don’t require data to be re-input into either system. Second Life faces more obstacles in trying to become a mainstream educational tool. Educators are inherently opposed to online, distance education because it supposedly lacks the face-to-face communication between teachers and students. However, as more education is carried online, Second Life has all the tools in place to make it easy to conduct classes, especi ally its online collaboration tools. 6. What kinds of businesses are most likely to benefit from a presence on Second Life? Why? Retail businesses that are already used to doing business online may have an easier time of establishing a viable presence on Second Life. They are used to advertising and marketing to customers online and have the systems built for taking orders, accepting payments, and shipping products. Other companies, like IBM, that have established online collaboration systems and online knowledge management systems will probably have an easier time using Second Life as another outlet for these activities. 7. would you like to interview for a job using Second Life? Why or why not? Obviously the answers to this question will vary from student to student. Some may prefer interviewing for a job using Second Life since they may see face-to-face interviews as extremely nerve-wracking. Other may prefer a face-to-face interview rather than trying to create an avatar that adequately represents them. 8. Is Second Life a precursor of how business will be conducted in the future or a corporate experiment? Justify your answer. Second Life probably is a precursor of how business will be conducted in the future. Online presence and activity is increasing, not decreasing. Businesses are continually turning to online services to change the way they do business and move many of their offline activities to online ventures. How to cite Second Life Ready for Business, Essay examples

Introduction to Sociology Australian Family Lifestyle

Question: Discuss about theIntroduction to Sociologyfor Australian Familys Lifestyle. Answer: Change in Australian Familys Lifestyle in the Upcoming Time and the Social Factors Contributing for Such a Change It has been critically observed that the lifestyle of the Australian families over a period of time have changed and have been changing. The lifestyle has been observed to be changed with the concept of family as such a concept was no longer depicted by the traditional nuclear family of Mother, Father and two children (Kinnear, 2002). As a result, Families in Australia were now came to be in all shapes and sizes such as intermingled, comprehensive, one mother, one father or with two mothers and two fathers. It has also been observed that in todays world the upcoming generation or the youngsters do not want to get married as a result only a few were seen to be getting married. On the other hand when people make their mind to get married then they would get married much later. As a result of such a decision of different individuals it has been observed that the divorce rate has become stable. Although, with the changing time and lifestyle it has been seen that people have few children and there has been an increase in the number of intermingled and step-families (AMP, 2013). But, a question of what all constitutes a family have still seen to be unanswered till now. So, it was the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) which defines the meaning of what all constitutes a family. It affirms that a family could be defined as an association of two or more individuals, one of whom would have to be aged 15 years and over, who live together and were affirmed to be connected by blood, wedding, adoption, and step relationship (Hayes et al. ,2010). So, it was in the year 1980 since when the Australian Institute of Family Studies (AIFS) began researching about the Australian families and Australian society as it has undergone massive modifications. There have been a number of major changes over the period of the nineteenth century, together with the developments in family make-up, different kind of families, matrimonial status, birth rates, parental service and learning. It was affirmed to be a mesmerizing picture of the changing nature of the lifestyle of the Australian Families over the turn of the millennium (Australian Government, 2017). Therefore, it was seen over the past quarter of a century that the Family households have been waning, as it included round about 77 % of all families in 1986 which reduced to 72 % in 2011. So, it could be stated that as the population ages, single individual households have affirmed to be enlarged on the other hand, the group households had continued to be comparatively constant (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2006). In spite of the efforts which were made by the sociologists in order to define the concept of family, it was observed that there was no particular meaning of this indispensable element of the civilization (McDonald, 2017). In response to the exterior and interior factors familys lifestyle changes over time. Social and financial situations like wars, migration, technical growths, and varying cultural principles, could influence the size and nature of families. Correspondingly, targets in the lives of individual family members like the birth of a child, separation, or the death of a family member, could modify the composition of a family and its inner dynamics (Coontz, 2007). The concept of the family as people understand currently was a comparatively new trend. Social historian Philippe Aris states that until the 18th century the concept of family appears to be a detached part of parents and children. From being the centre of social relationships, the family now became more remote and independent, which centers on care for the children away from servants and friends. The current nuclear family of the 1950s classically included father the breadwinner, mother the housewife and their children. Mothers were happy to bake, seam, and care for her children and husband. The Growth of the contraceptive pill with its prospective to grant females an extraordinary control over their fruitfulness and sexuality made an easier access to abortion. Also, the beginning of the 1976 Family Law Act, made divorce simple by not entailing liability to be recognized, and superior chances for females to be well-informed and enter into the paid personnel. As they also were challenged with normative principles which were linked with such family issues (The Age, 2003). As a result, some more innovative ways of philosophy about verbal communication meant ideas such as the concept of family and its authoritarian associations which were deconstructed, no longer observed as ordinary but were created by humanity (The Social Issues Research Centre, 2008). More recently, the innovative reproductive skills have also confronted customary beliefs of the family. It was now achievable for children to have a inherent mother, a gestational mother and a lawful guardian. Notions of paternity become problematic when frozen sperm are used posthumously. Changes in the economy during the past 30 years have resulted in numerous separate tendencies such as wedding, separation, all of which have inferences for the family. Australia's birth rate of 1.7 children per female was below inhabitants substitution level, though some specialists recommend the circumstances were stern rather than significant (Parliament of Australia, 2017). Many young individuals currently impede their exit from the family home, and therefore the beginning of sovereignty and maturity, while they absolute tertiary studies. Even when people leave home, there was a model of recurring to its relieve at distances, such as when a association breaks up or when monetary support was desirable. Ageing population of Australia and the tendency towards sterility make it likely to many elderly individuals who were without admission to customary basis of family bear would depend gradually more on administration and community resources. Apprehensions have been articulated about the capacity of the society to grant such a level of concern. In spite of such momentous changes in upcoming years, the chief roles of the family such as development of children, monetary support, and socializing the youth as it has not changed essentially. So, it could be concluded at the end that massive social changes over the last decades have concluded in the families of 2013 as they were looking dissimilar to those in the 20th century. No longer was it predictable that young females and males would marry in their late teens in a sacred ritual and have 3 or 4 children at home. Presently, the distinctive trail for creation of family was for youngsters to persist with education until their early teens. Also, to travel and work full time then marrying in a civil ceremony in their late twenties. But Modern family planning was regarded as where having children could be postponed, and while it was more usual for the females to be the chief caretaker, the majority of females would quickly return to the job at least on a part-time basis. So, it could be concluded that the number of step-families and merged families has augmented as an effect of divorce and having a new established relationships, although they may visage more anxiety and were usually not as well off monetarily as integral families. But by increasing levels of education among females who were breadwinner households were much more common like almost a quarter of join houses. By providing the gigantic changes which have occurred over the past century people could only initiate to imagine how families would evolve, modify and expand in the coming years. References AMP. (2013) Modern Family: The changing shape of Australian families. [Online] AMP. Available from: file:///C:/Users/win/Downloads/AMP.NATSEM%2034%20Income%20and%20Wealth%20Report%20-%20Modern%20Family.pdf [Accessed on 1/2/17] Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2006) Population Characteristics: 20th century: beginning and end. [Online] Australian Bureau of Statistics. Available from: https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/0/DB7193812E1EFC92CA2570EC000E215A?opendocument [Accessed on 1/2/17] Australian Government. (2017) The changing face of early Australia. [Online] Australian Government. Available from: https://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/changing-face-of-early-australia [Accessed on 1/2/17] Coontz, S. (2007) The Family Revolution. [Online] Greater Good. Available from: https://greatergood.berkeley.edu/article/item/the_family_revolution [Accessed on 1/2/17] Hayes, A., Weston, R., Qu, L., and Gray, M. (2010) Families then and now: 1980-2010. [Online] Australian Institute of Family Studies. Available from: https://aifs.gov.au/publications/families-then-and-now-1980-2010 [Accessed on 1/2/17] Kinnear, P. (2002) New Families for Changing Times. [Online] The Australia Institute. Available from: https://www.tai.org.au/sites/defualt/files/DP47_8.pdf [Accessed on 1/2/17] McDonald, P. (2017) Families and cultural diversity in Australia. [Online] Australian Institute if Family Studies. Available from: https://aifs.gov.au/publications/families-and-cultural-diversity-australia/2-australian-families-values-and-behaviour [Accessed on 1/2/17] Parliament of Australia. (2017) Attitudes towards adoption. [Online] Parliament of Australia. Available from: https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Community_Affairs/Completed_inquiries/2010-13/commcontribformerforcedadoption/report/c02 [Accessed on 1/2/17] The Age. (2003) Family: it's all relative. [Online] The Age. Available from: https://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/02/26/1046064096428.html [Accessed on 1/2/17] The Social Issues Research Centre. (2008) Childhood and family life: Socio-demographic changes. [Online] The Social Issues Research Centre. Available from: https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20130401151715/https://www.education.gov.uk/publications/eOrderingDownload/Appendix-G_SIRC-report.pdf [Accessed on 1/2/17]

Democratic space is relevant in Early Childhood Education. Reading Journal Submission

Definition of a key concept taken from the weekly readings from this period, that had not been clear or familiar to me before ‘Democratic space’ was taken from the weekly readings. It refers to the environment created to value the expressions, feelings, and wishes of different people (Moss, 2007). In nurseries, democratic space should give children a choice of communicating, expressing their feelings, and wishes differently (Moss, 2007). Nurseries are public gatherings and therefore use of dialogue in this gathering perpetuates democracy.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Democratic space is relevant in Early Childhood Education. Reading Journal Submission specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Identified issue or debate that you may not have understood yet, or what to think more about from these readings. Nurseries can create an environment for democratic political practice. The writer talks about the possi bility of democratic space saying that it is a choice that citizens can make. In this regard, children and adults get an opportunity to be responsible for certain actions and play certain roles. These roles include making critical decisions on matters that influence them or any other related group, and the society in whole. Children and adults can stand against any form of injustice that emanates from power (Moss, 2007). Link an idea from (a) or (b) to your workplace or to child or children that you know, or to an early childhood setting which you are familiar with; consider the application of the idea in this context. Democratic space is relevant in Early Childhood Education. Creation of a democratic environment or community is an important strategy to help people understand their human rights. ECE provides a suitable environment to educate the children on their human rights with the aim of creating a democratic environment. This kind of education helps the children to learn how to make personal decisions (Moss, 2007). In Saudi Arabia, ECE development evolves slowly (Alsharif Atweh, 2010). This limits creation of democratic environment. This is because in the entire education system, there are practices designed for learners to understand their human rights. These practices are not practiced consistently. According to AlSharif and Atweh (2010), there is a need for ECE learners to be provided with challenging opportunities that will encourage intellectual development. Unproductive pedagogies used by Saudi Arabian teachers do not encourage creation of democratic space, and discovery of children hidden potentials.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Teachers need productive methodologies that cater for learners’ different levels of development, and different social cultural factors. Evaluation of pedagogical styles helps create a democratic environment. Use of discussions and group work gives the children an opportunity to express themselves preparing them for a democratic society. Their exist fear in many Middle East countries including Saudi Arabia. This fear is as a result of this region being associated with terrorism. Provision of education that will empower children and other people of Saudi Arabia to know their rights will deliver them from fear by creating a democratic environment. Explanation of the development of your understanding through this exchange The development of my understanding and knowledge draws from the exchange posted by Renee on August 15, 2012 at 07:42 PM in regards to the topic â€Å"Globalization and the future†. When we empower people, we give them the capacity to confront both, the present and the future (Ebbeck Waniganayake, 2003). The concept and role of leadership in early years has not been taken with the seriousness it deserves, especially by the early childhood practitioners. Early Childhood P olicy-Global Contexts is an opportunity for educators and educational stakeholders to explore globalization and the future. In day to day life, I have discovered that the majority of trainers and practitioners in early childhood fail to consider the development of early leadership knowledge. This knowledge should be considered as an advanced knowledge or training and not taken as an extra curriculum activity to the basic training (Moss, 2007). They fail to realize that leadership knowledge is vital and is a necessary tool for professional development. This tool equips them with ability to provide quality service. According to Pam Winter’s on issues concerning children, there is an emphasis on children’s understanding, teachers’ responsibility to foster critical thinking, reflection of their understanding, and other people’s actions (Ebbeck Waniganayake, 2003). This provides children with the opportunity to learn about their world.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Democratic space is relevant in Early Childhood Education. Reading Journal Submission specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Pam writers also add that this places them in a position to make a contribution to this world (Ebbeck Waniganayake, 2003). This can only be implemented through the development of early leadership knowledge and skills in ECE. Overview-concisely summarize the implications of the central ideas during this period, for your unfolding understanding of the early childhood political and pedagogical landscape Early childhood education plays an important role in the development of a well-informed population. This stage is important in the development of the child’s character and personality. If quality education is provided to a child during this early stage of development, then it implies that the child will probably continue with the same line of critical thinking and reflection of his or her understanding. This ability enhances the child’s opportunity to learn about his or her world and places him or her in a position to make a contribution to this world (Adamson, 2008). When we empower people, we give them the capacity to confront both the present and the future (Ebbeck Waniganayake, 2003). All nations are faced with challenges, such as global warming, and economic crisis among others. 90 per cent of challenges, negative results happen as a result of human’s faults, negligence, pollution, unethical actions or decisions, errors and others. In my opinion, currently we have leaders from a generation that did not get the opportunity to acquire early childhood education. As a result, the educational foundations of such leaders were very weak, which is evident in their decision making process and critical thinking capacity. Children quickly replace the adults in different roles. Some of the roles in which children replace adults are leadership roles, an d management roles. The major changes in leadership, decision making, developmental issues, risk analysis, and accurate forecasting are taking place rapidly. Their results are realized in our daily lives. The importance of governments’ investing in the provision of high quality ECE to children is currently very important. This will enhance development of a focused and reliable human resource as a major resource of labor that will benefit the entire nation.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More References Adamson, P. (2008). The child care transition: A league table of early childhood education and care in economically advanced countries. Florence: UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre. Alsharif, K., Atweh, B. (2010). Potentials and Challenges for Student Teachers in Using Productive Pedagogies in their Field Experience. Web. Ebbeck, M., Waniganayake, M. (2003).Early Childhood Professionals. Leading Today and Tomorrow. Sydney: Elsevier. Moss, P. (2007). Bringing politics into the nursery: Early Childhood Education as a democratic practice. Journal of European Early Childhood Education Research, 15(5), 5-20. This essay on Democratic space is relevant in Early Childhood Education. Reading Journal Submission was written and submitted by user Raquel Wilder to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

International Fragmentation of Production

International Fragmentation of Production Introduction Over recent decades, a more heightened integration of the world economy has been developed. An overall surge in the trade quotient has been realized in most developed countries. This is because of the trade liberalization and a greater willingness to participate in the global economy. According to Shenkar and Luo (2004), the other reason cited is that the production has now largely been affected by trade.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International Fragmentation of Production specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is in the sense that production of goods is done in more than one sequential stage where two or more countries are involved in providing a value added advantage during the production. Hence, both import and export are involved in the process. On a similar note, surging competition in the global economy has compelled producers of some products, to look for alternatives beyond their borders to l ower the costs of production. According to Grimwade (2000) perspective, the increasing integration of global markets has compelled the separation of the production process in that service or manufacturing performed abroad have become part of a joint production process, meshing with complementary activities performed in the home country. This has brought about fragmentation of production. Ways in which Fragmentation of Production takes place Hummels and Yi (2001) define fragmentation as a process whereby a previously integrated production procedure or process is sliced and spread over a global network of production sites. Production tasks are synchronized in a fragmented segment. Therefore, this creates additional costs for services such as transport of goods between production locations and quality control, among others. The process in which fragmentation of production takes place globally is varied. Perhaps, this is why the concept has been described using various terms such as out sourcing, delocalization of production and vertical specialization among other terms. However, as Shenkar and Luo (2004) argue, the concept behind fragmentation is that countries are increasingly connected to produce goods. Hence, through this process, goods are produced in more than one sequential stage. And, more than one country may provide a value added during the production process. At some point, the producing country must utilize the imported inputs during the stages of production.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Reasons for Fragmentation of Production Fragmentation of production is not a new phenomenon. The practice began during the industrial revolution or even earlier. However, in recent time, the practice has become global. The reasons for its widespread use are varied. According to Arndt and Kierzkowski (2001) fragmentation has not only altered the trad e flow quantitatively, but also qualitatively. This has occurred because of various reasons. The first reason is that, goods are produced in two or more sequential stages; second, two or more countries are involved during the process of production. Hence, involving more than one country during the production process strengthens value and quality of the final product. And lastly, in production, at least one country need to import the inputs in the production stage and some of the resulting output must be exported. They further contend that vertical specialization is a factor which has led to the increase in world trade (Yi, 2003). This happens because fragmentation serves as a growth instrument that aims at reducing the trade tariff. In this sense, fragmentation erases the linearity of trade growth by decreasing the tariffs. Vertical specialization has encouraged the growth of off- shoring and global outsourcing in manufacturing; this has been encouraged by decreased non-tariff and t ariff trade barriers. A Tariff cut produces a higher ratio of non-linear response of trade in a form of multiple phases of production since trade liberation affects distinct stages of production. According to Yi (2003) this is because the vertical specialization becomes viable and expands quickly when tariffs decreases below the low-level. The fall creates a nonlinearity reaction of trade to tariffs as companies’ fix more trade intermediaries once the tariffs fall below the critical level. Wage rate difference between the developed and developing worlds is contributing reasons to the fragmentation in production. For example, Arndt and Kierzkowski (2001) argue that in 1970’s wages in the Caribbean, and Latin America ranged between sixty and eighty percent below those of the United States. A similar trend was reflected in Eastern Europe countries where the labour force was skilled and educated.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International Fragm entation of Production specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Despite the lower labour productivity in these countries, the unit labour costs remained below the figures in industrialized economies. Also, in spite of the rising demand of labour in developing countries such as China, a huge flow of labour from inland has been holding wages low. This situation has contributed to upholding the production cost disparity. Increasing labour productivity above the rate of wage increase continues to drive unit labour costs downwards. Most high wage countries have utilized this trend; hence, it is easy to reap the benefits of lower production costs and access emerging markets by moving labor-intensive production and assembly to low-wage countries. In the recent past, transport costs have decreased thereby making the world a global village. The decrease in transport costs has made it feasible to fragment production. For example, in comparison to ocean shippi ng, the air transport price has continued to decline (Cairncross, 1997). Thus, the long-distance freight costs have become affordable compared to short distance. Besides, land transport costs have fallen reasonably to maritime transport this has made it possible for fragmentation to occur at any place in the world (Arndt and Kierzkowski, 2001). Transport systems embrace the GPS technology. The technology allows organizations to oversee their road consignments and win efficient logistical control. This aids the fragmentation of value chains of countries involved in fragmentation. The role of government in strengthening fragmentation of production has been far reaching. They have provided trade policies and development that improves institutional frameworks. This has happened most in developing countries. The governments in these countries grant exceptional incentives to exporters. The incentives are given in rebates, export credits, tax holidays, tax refunds and political risk insura nce among other incentives (Wolfgang, 1984). In industrialized countries, there is the promotion of vertical integration. According to Grimwade (2000) the vertical integration strategy is achieved by embracing various programs and instruments such as tariff terms for international production sharing, outward FDI promotion and tariff escalation among other strategies. All these strategies are aimed at reducing the costs of production besides encouraging friendly environment for investment.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Additionally, free trade zones have been widely encouraged to attract foreign entrepreneurs. A free trade zone is an institutional phenomenon that grants reduced bureaucratic regulation, lessens foreign exchange checks and provides appropriate infrastructure. According to ILO documents, globally, there were about 5,174 zones in 2004 (Welch et al, 2007). These zones employed 42 million people. The size and pace of free trade zone increase is also remarkable. Welch et al (2007) contends that, in 1986, only 176 free trade zones existed globally, but overtime, they rose up to 500 in 1995. Firms are sensitive on matters about property rights protection and process for contract enforcement in foreign countries. Most government has harmonised the legal environment in which international transactions occur, thus; the present legal environment is more predictable. Largely speaking, the political conditions globally have stabilized after long decades of crises; it has become more business fri endly. More countries have embraced democracy. The viability of fragmentation of product needs low risk of supply in a foreign country otherwise problems could bring the whole global production system to a standstill. These disruptions can be caused by failing legal disputes, political instability, shipping delays, strikes and lack of quality controls, among others. Hummels and Yi (2001) also note that the fragmentation of production may be increased competition. With the globalization of markets, easy access to information, reduced distances and political boundaries, business firms are increasingly feeling the impact of global competition. These pressures exerted on local industries have spurred increased off shoring as they are finding new ways to remain competitive (Krugman, 1995). Businesses have noted the advantages connected to first movers of the global transfer process. Therefore, they are compelled to reduce the functions that are carried out in high wage countries, thus re ducing costs. This strategy also grants them an opportunity to concentrate on their core competencies. Opportunities granted by global markets also increase trade openings for local- specialized industries; this makes fragmentation even finer. The growth of information and communication technologies over the last fifteen years has created more opportunities for fragmentation of a product. The technological shift, especially the reduction of communication costs, has contributed to shortening of distance. This has enabled the integration of distant operations, ship products and components around the globe to attain efficiency (Krugman, 1995). It has facilitated Just-In-Time production on an international scale, simplified management of global production standards and lessened communication costs. On an organizational perspective, logistics has been eased because of the developments in information and communication technology. The ICT has increased creation of warehousing and material handling, inventory management, real time shipment of finished products and planning and organization of supply chain activities. It is pertinent to note that besides promoting global fragmentation of goods production, ICT has simplified the tradability of services (Hummels and Yi, 2001). This is because, information can be readily digitized for storage while cheap and quick transportation facilitates real time exchange of digitized information as voice communication allows people located anywhere in the world to interact. ICT has allowed services that were considered â€Å"normal† to be disconnected and situated elsewhere. Importance of fragmentation of products to producers and consumers Fragmentation entails organization of production into different stages of production. Hence, different stages are shared among suppliers who are dispersed in different countries. Often, the products traded between organizations in different countries are typically components rather than the final products. In this sense, producers benefit by selling their products outside the home country where these products are assembled (Brakman, 2006). Thus, they benefit from selling the finished products at a higher price gaining a higher foreign exchange. For example, in China where fragmentation occurs on a high scale, their finished products are often sold to USA and Europe. These are potential markets which permit higher prices. Fragmentation strengthens the finished product through internationally recognized body. For example, Europe has notified standardization bodies such as the AFITI-LICOF. The body simplifies fragmentation process by performing tests basing on given standards. These standards allow the producers reduce product export and import time besides enhancing profit rise of host countries (Hummels and Yi, 2001). Fragmentation allows producers to decentralize their production processes. This strategy allows producers to reach more consumers and markets. Besides co nsumers benefitting from readily available products, producers through decentralization of the production activities reduces costs whereas increasing the profit (Brakman, 2006). Additionally, since production stages occur in more than one country, producers can create a trading bloc. This allows them to move phases of production beyond their borders. When different stages of production are located in places where each stage can be performed efficiently, then a producer’s profit is maximized. Fragmentation of products provides convenience for consumers to obtain a customized end product without the costs of handling at a traditional retail channel. For example, Cairncross (1997) illustrates that Levi- Strauss allows customers to order jeans tailored to an individual measurement at a click of a button. Davis Meyer (1998) also offers a similar customer experience with Dell. They argue that Dell computers accept its customers to skip the retail outlet and embrace the internet to request a customized computer. It is delivered in a matter of days thus saving a customer’s time. Conclusion A production procedure is said to be fragmented when it is divided into two or more stages that can be performed in different places, but leads to a similar product. The decision of some manufacturers locating production phases across the globe has been determined by several reasons. This has included the relative merits offered by the chosen countries. Among the reasons calling for this process is the difference in technology, labor cost, trade barriers and ready market among other reasons. When fragmentation does occur, the delocalization of the production slices is not necessarily persuaded by variation in technology, but it can take place because of the differences in the fixed labor overheads. Generally speaking, when the responsibility of intermediary goods is measured, trade course can emerge by the presence of a fixed cost-benefit and the definite permutation of stages of the production process occurring in diverse countries. References Cairncross, F., 1997. The Death of Distance. Boston: Harvard Business School Press Grimwade, N., 2000. International Trade: New Patterns of Trade, Production and Investment, New York, Routledge Hummels, D., J., and Yi, K.M. 2001. â€Å"The nature and growth of vertical specialization in world trade†, Journal of International Economics, 54(1):75-96. Krugman, P., 1995. â€Å"Growing world trade: Causes and consequences†, Brooking Papers on Economic Activity 1: 327-377. Shenkar, O., and Luo, Y., 2004, International Business, New Jersey, John Wiley Stan,D., and Meyer, C., 1998. Blur. Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley Reading Welch, L.S., Benito, G.R., Petersen, B., 2007. Foreign Operations Methods: Theory, Analysis, Strategy. Chelterham: Edward Elgar Publishing Wolfgang, M.,1984. â€Å"Endogenous Tariff Formation.† American Economic Review 74(5): 970–985. Yi, K.M. 2003. â€Å"Can Ver tical Specialization Explain the Growth of World Trade?†Ã‚  Journal of Political Economy, 111 (1): 52–102.

Write about being a revenue cycle director in managed care Term Paper

Write about being a revenue cycle director in managed care - Term Paper Example President, I am tasked with verifying, reviewing and updating all information relating to the demography on the managed care’s database, SoundConnect, which is primary a care service provider. i. Evaluating equipment, systems and staffing so that they meet the set standards of business. I provide assessments, appraisals and recommendations to the Chief Financial Officer and other top level management. After I send my recommendations, they are then responsible for making the appropriate changes. iv. Monitoring the productivity of all the departments. These productivity metrics include claims that have been rejected, denied or processed. It also includes collection volume, payments of patients, rates of fee schedules and account write offs. v. Ensuring that the staff attends training programs for specified functions. Through reviewing the staff, I am able to gauge their job proficiency. Additionally, I schedule staff meetings aimed at enhancing staff development and improving communication. vii. Using the billing system and systems of collection for processing and billing. I am an accountant by profession and therefore I ensure that the billing systems are utilized by the staff at the care. I also conduct training programs to make sure that proficiency testing for all staff is established. Friedman et al., argues that, the revenue cycle director is part of the managerial staff and as such, is involved with contributing to the vision and strategic strategies that a managed care facility adopts. Therefore, the director sets the strategy and vision in alignment with the goals and initiatives of the critical revenue cycle for every business line (Friedman et al., 2013). As the director, I provide the strategy and vison for the Pain Center, Home Health, Orthopedics and the Ambulatory Surgical Center. My job extends to managing and leading intrinsic revenue cycle projects. I perform this role by providing the total oversight and direction of the core areas that